托福細節(jié)題閱讀考試技巧
TYPE 1 細節(jié)題
這類題在考試中的比重最大，也是最容易拿分的，既然都已經(jīng)說了是細節(jié)題，那么考點是文章的細節(jié)中，而不是有關(guān)全文的，所以說，我們讀懂一段中的一小部分就可以做題了。
一般是這幾種問法：
1. According to the passage……，……?
2. It is stated in paragraph X
3. It is indicated in paragraph X
4. It is mentioned in paragraph X
這類題的本質(zhì)就是同意轉(zhuǎn)述，做題流程，
1 讀題，抓取關(guān)鍵字
2 用關(guān)鍵字回原文定位，找到定位句(不一定是一句，有可能是一兩句)。還有一個方法能幫助我們定位，題目的順序和文章的順序是一致的，所以前后題的位置可以幫助我們找定位句，但是這個在考試的時候作用不大，因為考試界面是每次只出現(xiàn)一道題。
3 讀明白那句話
4 回頭看選項，選出和那句話同意義的句子。
錯誤選項的特點：1原文中沒提到的 2與原文相反的 3定位句之外的。前兩種比較常見
這類題一般都是直接選擇，我看到有些同學(xué)喜歡用排除法，我個人建議，這種題沒必要用排除法，第一浪費時間，人家看完了A直接選了，你看完ABCD，把原文忘了再回頭找，人家都做到第三題了!第二 它的錯誤選項本身就胡編亂造的，基本都和正確選項完全不沾邊，看它沒什么意義甚至?xí)`導(dǎo)你。
針對上面列出的做題流程我一步一步講解，就拿我們昨天做過的文章舉例
Paragraph 1：In the late sixteenth century and into the seventeenth, Europe continued the growth that had lifted it out of the relatively less prosperous medieval period (from the mid 400s to the late 1400s). Among the key factors behind this growth were increased agricultural productivity and an expansion of trade.
1. According to paragraph 1, what was true of Europe during the medieval period?
○ Agricultural productivity declined.
○ There was relatively little economic growth.
○ The general level of prosperity declined.
○ Foreign trade began to play an important role in the economy.
1先讀題，抓取關(guān)鍵詞，關(guān)鍵詞一定是名詞，為什么?因為名詞可以作主賓語，形容詞，副詞起的永遠是修飾作用，但是是不是就不看了呢，也不是，我說的是把名詞當(dāng)成關(guān)鍵點，可沒說只看它，定語或者狀語是幫助我們定位的。對于這道題，關(guān)鍵詞就是Europe，然后看一下后面的狀語，是在medieval period
2 用找到的關(guān)鍵詞找定位句，有同學(xué)說第一句，我說不準確，第一句的后半句，In the late sixteenth century and into the seventeenth是狀語，
我前面說了，狀語快點看!
定位句就是Europe continued the growth that had lifted it out of the relatively less prosperous medieval period
3下面就是看懂定位句了，回到了我們所說的內(nèi)力的修煉，讀句子的能力，分析一下這句話，that引導(dǎo)的`是growth的定語從句，發(fā)展讓歐洲脫離了十分貧瘠的歐洲中世紀時期，說明中世紀的Europe是十分貧瘠的，下面進入第四步
原文 點擊查看更多與《托福閱讀應(yīng)試技巧之細節(jié)題》相關(guān)的文章>> 2014-01-25· 托福閱讀加試題目：電報 2014-01-25· 托福閱讀猜詞的學(xué)問 2014-01-25· 托福閱讀詞匯：全球變暖 2014-01-24· 托福閱讀技巧：讀書篇 2014-01-24· 托福閱讀重點詞匯：Infantile amnesia 2014-01-24· 托福閱讀的日常訓(xùn)練 2014-01-23· 托福閱讀算分規(guī)則 2014-01-23· 托福閱讀材料之手指感應(yīng) 2014-01-17· 托福閱讀滿分訓(xùn)練 2014-01-17· 托福閱讀材料：一份永久的遺產(chǎn)? 托福閱讀應(yīng)試技巧之細節(jié)題
4 信息我們已經(jīng)拿到手了，回頭看選項吧，
A選項Agricultural productivity第一不在定位句中，第二第二句里面人家也沒說decline
B 選項 relatively little economic growth就是the relatively less prosperous的同意轉(zhuǎn)述，所以它是對的
做題做到這就ok了，要對自己有信心，不要總覺得自己選的不對，忐忑著繼續(xù)看其它選項，為了讓大家熟悉題型和思路，我繼續(xù)分析其他兩個選項
C選項 還是原文沒有的，根本沒提過decline
D選項 看到Foreign trade就可以不往下看了，明顯的原文沒提到的!
注：讀選項的時候同樣注意名詞，道理和我們從question中選擇關(guān)鍵點是一樣的。
再給個例子，還是昨天作業(yè)里面的，
Paragraph 2：Populations cannot grow unless the rural economy can produce enough additional food to feed more people. During the sixteenth century, farmers brought more land into cultivation at the expense of forests and fens (low-lying wetlands). Dutch land reclamation in the Netherlands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries provides the most spectacular example of the expansion of farmland: the Dutch reclaimed more than 36.000 acres from 1590 to 1615 alone.
3. According to paragraph 2, one effect of the desire to increase food production was that
○ land was cultivated in a different way
○ more farmers were needed
○ the rural economy was weakened
○ forests and wetlands were used for farming
解析：細節(jié)題，關(guān)鍵詞:effect,結(jié)果， increase food production.定位句：Populations cannot grow unless the rural economy can produce enough additional food to feed more people. During the sixteenth century, farmers brought more land into cultivation at the expense of forests and fens (low-lying wetlands).
第一句說的是increase food production的原因，第二句才是effect。farmers brought more land into cultivation at the expense of forests and fens (low-lying wetlands).直接選D 。AB都是文章沒提的。C是與文章相反的，rural
economy并沒有weakened
以上就是做細節(jié)題的一般流程和思路，這些都很正統(tǒng)，并不無恥，下面教大家的是如何投機取巧，利用文章本身給出的條件快速做題。先提醒一下，無恥技巧只是錦上添花的，而不是主菜，超過百分之八十的題還是要用上面的思路做!
無恥技巧1： 帶程度副詞的，比如only well clearly往往都是錯的，這種選項往往很有迷惑性，因為它看似是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，實際確擴大或縮小了詞義(說的好抽象 呵呵)
比如原文說，我打了他，選項：I hit him severely，這個選項一定是錯的，人家有沒說怎么打的，又沒說經(jīng)脈盡斷，你為什么要主觀臆斷他狠狠的打了呢??!!這個不僅僅適用于細節(jié)題，還適用于推斷題，講推斷題的時候我給大家舉個例子。
無恥技巧2：類似于程度副詞，一般有more than或者比較級的都是錯的，原文沒有比較，你不能自己給人家比較，比如說她很美，選項是她比楊冪美，(楊冪是我最喜歡的女明星哈)，那么這個選項都是錯的。哪怕是對的，我也不會選，因為在我心中，楊冪是最美的 呵呵!
無恥技巧3：敏感于數(shù)字，當(dāng)定位句中有數(shù)字的時候，數(shù)字之間的比較就是考點。
原文 點擊查看更多與《托福閱讀應(yīng)試技巧之細節(jié)題》相關(guān)的文章>> 2014-01-25· 托福閱讀加試題目：電報 2014-01-25· 托福閱讀猜詞的學(xué)問 2014-01-25· 托福閱讀詞匯：全球變暖 2014-01-24· 托福閱讀技巧：讀書篇 2014-01-24· 托福閱讀重點詞匯：Infantile amnesia 2014-01-24· 托福閱讀的日常訓(xùn)練 2014-01-23· 托福閱讀算分規(guī)則 2014-01-23· 托福閱讀材料之手指感應(yīng) 2014-01-17· 托福閱讀滿分訓(xùn)練 2014-01-17· 托福閱讀材料：一份永久的遺產(chǎn)? 托福閱讀應(yīng)試技巧之細節(jié)題
For example：
Paragraph 9: The muscles of these fishes and the mechanism that maintains a warm body temperature are also highly efficient. A bluefin tuna in water of 7°C(45°F) can maintain a core temperature of over 25°C(77°F). This warm body temperature may help not only the muscles to work better, but also the brain and the eyes. The billfishes have gone one step further. They have evolved special "heaters" of modified muscle tissue that warm the eyes and brain, maintaining peak performance of these critical organs.
10. According to paragraph 9, which of the following is true of bluefin tunas?
○Their eyes and brain are more efficient than those of any other fish.
○Their body temperature can change greatly depending on the water temperature.
○They can swim in waters that are much colder than their own bodies.
○They have special muscle tissue that warms their eyes and brain.
解析：
第一步先找關(guān)鍵詞，關(guān)鍵詞是bluefin tunas，這兩個詞不認識，沒關(guān)系，到現(xiàn)在我都不認識，直接換成BT就可以了，
第二步回去找定位句，在第二句中首次出現(xiàn)了BT，并且出現(xiàn)了兩組數(shù)字，那么這兩組數(shù)字的比較就是考點。
第三步，讀明白這句話，在7°水中的BT可以有一個超過25°的核心溫度。
第四步，看選項吧，
A選項，就是我剛說完的無恥技巧2，more than是錯的，原文是說了eyes and brain，也給了很高的評價，說maintaining peak performance of these critical organs. 但是卻沒有和其它生物比較，所以它是錯的。
B選項，無恥技巧1出現(xiàn)了，greatly，誰告訴你greatly了??!!!即使你不會這個技巧，這個選項本身就是與原文相反的，它們的能力是在不同的水溫中保持穩(wěn)定的體溫，而不是change。
C選項，無恥技巧3，數(shù)字的比較，7°的水 和25°的體溫，就是in waters that are much colder than their own bodies.
D選項，我之前說的細節(jié)題選項的錯誤特征里面的第三種，比較有迷惑性的，原文有，但是不在定位句之內(nèi)，關(guān)鍵詞是bluefin tunas，D選項說的是The billfishes，考點信息之外。
無恥技巧4：這個算不上無恥技巧，正常的思路吧，原文說A和B不同，B有C特征，那么答案是A沒有C特征。這種題比較考讀長句的能力，通常形式是
A differ from B，which(B的定語從句，說明B的特征C)
或是unlike A，B怎么怎么有C的特征，
e.g.
Paragraph 4: With the advent of projection in 1895-1896, motion pictures became the ultimate form of mass consumption. Previously, large audiences had viewed spectacles at the theater, where vaudeville, popular dramas, musical and minstrel shows, classical plays, lectures, and slide-and-lantern shows had been presented to several hundred spectators at a time. But the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment, which depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.
6. According to paragraph 4, how did the early movies differ from previous spectacles that were presented to large audiences?
○They were a more expensive form of entertainment.
○They were viewed by larger audiences.
○They were more educational.
○They did not require live entertainers.
第一步，還有找關(guān)鍵詞early movies和previous spectacles，你要注意了，early movies就是上面說的A，previous spectacles就是B，那么尋找B的特征就ok了。
第二步，找定位句吧，我說了無非兩種 一個differ from的 一個unlike的，很容易找到了But the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment, which depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.
第三步，分析，But the movies(A) differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment(B), which(定語從句說出B的特征)
depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.
Or后面的成分，我之前說過 a1ora2讀一個即可，所以，后面很長很鬧心的部分，不讀了!
第四步，ABC我們都找到了，回頭看選項吧，
選項A 原文沒提的
選項B 無恥技巧2 不能比較
選項C 還有原文沒提的
選項D did not require live entertainers.不就是沒有B的depended on either live performance的特征么
細節(jié)題的總結(jié)到此為止，技巧的東西要活學(xué)活用，自己先看看理解了，然后運用到做題中變成你自己的，做題的時候要不以對喜，不以錯悲，給你篇阿拉伯語的閱讀按照幾率亂選你也能對三四個，所以，每道題都要認真反思，弄清楚出題思路和選項設(shè)置，這樣才能有提高!不然就陷入了the more you 作，the more you 錯的痛苦深淵!
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