иӛPӛһپָ
wҷlFںܶrXĕʲô̖ͣD@ʹ`rgԼϤӢ֮־һԼϤ־aʹҪһĂ̖ʾ@ӕm䷴ˣ҂Ҫ`\ùPӛ̖һ̖ʾNӢĺx
Pӛ̖֞ķN
W̖
ߣ̝;because, due to, thanks to, …
∴ˣY;so, therefore, consequently, …
=ͬһƽ;the sameas, equal to, similar to, …
≠ͬƽв;difference, disparity, unfair, …
≈s;about, almost, nearly, approximate, …
>^;surpass,exceed, more than, superior to, …
<;less than,inferior to, …
+;plus, add,moreover, besides, …
-pȥȥ;minus,deduct, except, …
αЄӣО;action, act, … (because of the pronunciation)
xy……֮У……֮;among, within, …
∈Դ;belong to, …
×eģõؓ;wrong, mistake, bad, negative, …
√õeO;correct, good, positive, affirmative, …
T÷̖
룬fuՓ;speak,express, think, …
?Ɇɻquestion,problem, issue, inquiry, interrogate, ask, puzzle, query, confused, mystery, …
!ΣU棬ע;dangerous,warning, alarming, hazardous, jeopardy, watch out, certainty, of course, …
~QQP;trade, exchange, communication, relationship, …
_@{;(һ_~ӏZ⣬ߏ{c)
e.ge;for example, such as, …
Dη̖(˷N̖^mԼUչ)
ѣhە;conference, convention, session, seminar, council,congress, meeting, assembly, gathering, union, association, convocation, …
cҪܳ;important, key, critical, meaningful, essential,eventful, outstanding, notable, great, wonderful, emphasize, stress, chief,main, pay attention to, fantastic, …
*c;feature, character, symbol, sign, mark, specialty,represent, typify, on behalf of, stand for, …
^Ic피;top, head, tip, peak, climax, leader, express,queen, ruler, monitor, minister, king, captain, …
$ԪXԣ;dollar, money, rich, well-off, …
^ȥ;in the past, long before, past time, …
;in future, will be, going to do, …
l څ̖
↑ߣ;increase, improve, grow, advance, go up, update,promote, bring in, climb up, rise, raise, lift, …
↓½Hֵp;decrease, decline, reduce, fall, sink, weaken,lower, cut down, fall off, drop, …
иӛPӛɶٙMQ
ԓϵAݽYӛ䛣MͨręMӛAݽYwFĵ߉Y˿˼S^̣㿼ӛPӛԷ㿼}ĕrҵPӛc߉Pϵ
磺
l ԭĞ飺It spreads from the Pacific to the Atlantic. Itsnorthern boundary is the frozen Arctic, and its southern, the American border.Its population is 25 million.
(˕rڱʾλĕr҂ָᘷʾ|ϱ)
Pӛ飺
Pacà Atlan
Nà/Arc
S ~ US
25mil
l ԭĞ飺Since its founding some 360 years ago, Harvard hasnurtured a great number of outstanding political leaders, scientists, writersand businessmen, including six of the American Presidents and over thirty NobelPrize winners.
Pӛ飺
@ӵĹPӛDzǾͺܺκӛˎԒ?ֻҪ϶һ܉ƪconversation, ƪlectureĹPӛ
иӛPӛٕ
ڕrgܾoи 횰lչٕϵy PӛȫǽoԼֻ֮ܿУܶĸ͝hֽ^֮PpӰ푴_JҪע@vIJʲݣdzˌHPӛòʲ֮һЩrgѾл߹PӛгõĥһӜpٹPPһP
иӛPӛģ_Y
иԇoՓconversation߀lecture, ɂvԒһǰվȺvԒ˼ ǻsһһsyoµideas, Ҳ vһ顣һκһ֮g_ĽܱC҂}rٶÿ }Ǻ ÿsubjectһӵPӛî҂}rʡrʡ}ĕr҂ȥҹPӛϵĵߵǰmain point
֮wҽhPӛĕrȺYһȺ_ʼĿ϶ǶΕrgdzFÁaPӛPӛB؞ԺͿxӔַ̖^mѽĹPӛXÄʾKcԸĞһAȦٮһM
иPӛʾ
挦LectureĕrһԾoҪֳođBȣע еx~ signal word(D~)ĕr\Լ߉ c~ɾĶB؞һƪlecture
TPO2 Lecture3Philosophy x(30)
Professor: OK. Another ancient Greek philosopher we need to discuss is Aristotle—Aristotle’s ethical theory. What Aristotle’s ethical theory is allabout is this: he’s trying to show you how to behappy—what true happiness is.
Now, whyis he interested in human happiness? It’s not just because it’s something thatall people want to aim for. It’s more than that. But to get there we need to first make a very important distinction. Letme introduce a couple of technical terms: extrinsic value and intrinsicvalue. To understand Aristotle’s interest in happiness, you need tounderstand this distinction.
Somethings we aim for and value, not for themselvesbut for what they bring about in addition tothemselves. If I value something as a means to somethingelse, then it has what we will call Extrinsicvalue.Otherthings we desire and hold to be valuable for themselves alone. If we value something not as a means to something else, but for its own sake, let us say that it has Intrinsicvalue.
ļtɫ~x~҂ҪMڹPӛwFñM̵ַ߿sʾ;w~signal word(D~)Ҫ҂_ʼߓQӛPӛĘ־Pӛ£
er: Arist à ? happy(true)
Dis term: Exval: sth. els
In val: selfalone(× else, àown)
ֻҪڰ֮ȿԌ̵ĹPӛ҂ͿѸٵּ}£
What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A. Toillustrate the importance of extrinsic values
B. Toexplain Aristotle’s views about the importance of teaching
C. Toexplain why people change what they value
D. Todiscuss Aristotle’s views about human happiness
ͨ^Pӛ҂Կlectureһ_ʼָAristotle^cTRUE happinessg[x҂ДD~human happiness, x헶ڻ~Aеextrinsic value, BеAristotle, Cеwhyڿԇ}rһҪJмx}ɺxYԼ߉ĹPӛ_x