廣大“烤鴨”們普遍認為雅思考試的聽力部分還是比較簡單的,但是想沖刺高分也非易事。專家分析發現,如若能夠在聽的過程中對一系列的信號詞抑或路標詞敏感起來,許多基礎較好的同學是很有希望沖刺高分的。而基礎比較差的同學,也可以通過對這些路標詞的學習在短期內有所突破。以下是幾類高頻路標詞:
一、順序路標詞
對順序路標詞的記憶有利于快速掌握speaker的節奏,以免跟丟題目。尤其是在流程圖一類的填空題中,或是描述實驗步驟的獨白,這些詞可稱之為Marker words/phrases, 有時根據此類詞可以判斷音調突然轉變,應當多加留心。
first, first of all ,for a start, in the first place, to begin with ...
second, followed by, third ,then , next , previously, before that finally, last, for one thing ,for another, meanwhile, until ,subsequently
Now tell me ... And now (we will) ... Before I move on to ... Next, I’d like to ... Right, so the first thing ... And what about...? Well, that’s about it, except for ... I’d like not to move on to ... One more thing Finally, can you tell us...
二、強調路標詞
強調路標詞有助于考生對某一細節事實的理解及加深認識,往往其后跟的就是考點,若對這些詞不敏感,答案往往就溜走了。而這些詞之間會進行paraphrase(同義置換),需注意甄別。
That is, That is to say, I mean, namely, in particular, specially
especially, actually, to be exact, in other words, another way of saying this, Let’s put it this way, equally, etc.
三、轉折路標詞
轉折路標詞可以說是逢考必現,也就是百分之百會考到,而且不止出現一次,所以要求考生熟練掌握。在課堂實踐教學中,發現有不少相當聰明的同學,沒有聽懂對話的意思,卻能準確識別出轉折關系,從而找到正確答案(尤其是選擇題)。所以當聽到表示轉折或對比的詞或短語時,考生一定要集中注意力,因為此時speaker會提供新信息或完全相反的觀點,也就是考點所在。需要引起注意的是,but一詞考試是會弱化的,類似于/bə/,所以考試時一定要仔細辨音。
強轉折: but, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, yet, while, whereas
讓步:Although, though, even if, in spite of, despite
對比:by/in contrast, by comparison, as a matter of fact, instead, otherwise
Eg. Most people tend to book twenty-four hours in advance…however, the earliest you book a computer is forty-eight hours before you need it.
題目:Computer can be booked up to ___hours in advance.
如果注意到however一詞,可知第一個數字24小時是個陷阱,而正確答案應為48小時。
四、列舉路標詞
顧名思義,列舉路標詞是細節描述最常見的信號詞,表示對同類事物的列舉或上文的補充。也就是說,出現這類詞,一定是細節類的內容,比如例子等。若未聽清其前面的內容,也可根據這些路標詞推斷前文,考生應當靈活對待。
for instance, for example, such as, like, likewise, similarly
in addition to, one more thing, what’s more , furthermore, besides, also, too, as well as, moreover, together with, not only…but also, etc.
五、因果路標詞
說到因果關系,考生應該非常熟悉了。關鍵是因果關系的句子很容易進行句式的改換,即因果位置的互換?忌醋プ∫蚬械哪骋徊糠侄Х郑枰鹱⒁。
其后跟“因”的信號詞: for, since, for the reason that, because, thanks to, owing to, due to, as a result of, originate from, etc.
其后跟“果”的信號詞: As a result, therefore, so, consequently, thus, lead to, result in, trigger, account for, give rise to, bring about, breed, etc.
六、總結路標詞
在Speaker即將結束對話或獨白時,往往會提到這類總結路標詞。雖然位于最后,也是一個不容忽視的考點。
in short , finally, therefore ,overall ,in summary, thus, on the whole, in brief, to conclude, to sum up, in a nutshell, consequently ,to sum up ,to summarize ,in conclusion
最后再補充幾點,語音信息在聽力語篇中也相當重要。Speaker會將句子中考點單詞重讀,語調和語氣方面也會有所不同,考生可根據這些語音特征的變化來甄別重要信息。如在對話中,Speaker也會在此處放慢速度;若Speaker語氣是升調的,那么該地方就很有可能是雅思聽力設題的陷阱,因為這些詞往往是列舉,后面常出現強轉折。對此,建議考生應通過大量的真題練習來揣摩和適應雅思考試語音的特點和規律,以準確獲取答題的關鍵信息。
專家通過研究還發現,雅思聽力高分得主往往會走在錄音前面,即在預讀問題和聽錄音時處于主動位置,而非被錄音拖著走。所以,充分預測信息,尋找關鍵詞和跟上聽力錄音原文的節奏就變得十分重要。否則考生由于緊張等因素在聽力考場上會漏聽答案。所以,平日的真題鞏固練習,語音信息的識別和對以上路標詞的掌握能夠很好地幫助考生突破聽力分數瓶頸。
雅思高頻路標詞的介紹
發布時間:2017-10-10編輯:ying