什么是新GRE閱讀語法中并列平行結構呢?語法是學習一門語言的精髓,想要學好英語,首先就要掌握各種語法,針對GRE考試而言,語法結構亦是非常的重要。下面大家就隨小編一起去了解并列平行結構吧!
英語常用并列連詞來連接兩個或兩個以上的同等成分,而這種結構我們稱之為并列平行結構,而比較常用的連詞有:and, but, so, yet, for, nor, or , not only…but also, either…or,以及neither…nor等等。一般說來連接的同等成分可以是兩個或幾個動詞,兩個或幾個動詞的賓語,兩個或幾個名詞的定語,兩個或幾個介詞短語等。如果并列連詞連接的是兩個或幾個簡單句,就構成了一個并列句。這里舉幾個小的例子:
In fact, privatization has not only rescued individual industries and a whole economy headed for disaster, but has also raised the level of performance in every area.這句話的中文意思是:事實上,私有化不僅挽救了個別企業和走向毀滅的整個經濟,而且還提高了各行業的運作水平。在這個句子中,用and連接了individual industries和a whole economy這兩個作為動詞rescued的賓語,并且還使用了not only…but also連接了rescued和raised這兩個動詞引導的平行的謂語成分。
但是需要注意的是并不是每個and簡單的認為它只有連接作用,其實它的用法在英語中十分豐富,它在句子中可以表示許多不同的目的。例如:We were singing and dancing.我們又唱又跳。The old lady fell down in the street and broke her leg.老婦人跌倒在街上,腿都摔斷了(表示結果)。Fix the bicycle and I’ll pay you $6.修理這輛自行車,我就付給你6美元(表示條件)。He finished his homework and made for the dining room.他作完家庭作業后去了食堂(表示連續)。The girl grows up and still knows nothing about her family.這女孩長大了,對家里的事還是一無所知(表示對比)。
此外其他的并列連詞都各表示不同的意義:but,yet表示對比;either…or…, neither…nor…表示選擇;so表示結果;for表示原因等等。
But since the consequences of poverty are related to powerlessness, not to the absolute supply of money available to the poor, and since the amount of power purchasable with a given supply of money decreases as a society acquires a larger supply of goods and services, the solution of raising the incomes of the poor is likely, unless accompanied by other measures, to be ineffective in a wealthy society.
句子解析:這個句子的兩個since引導的處于并列關系的原因狀語從句,在主句中unless accompanied by other measures作為插入語表示讓步分割了謂語部分。
句子翻譯:但是,既然貧窮與窮人可得到的貨幣絕對供應量無關,而是無權利所造成的,既然用一定量的貨幣所能購買的權力量隨著一個社會獲得的商品和服務量的增加而下降,那么提高窮人收入的解決辦法在一個富裕社會很可能不會奏效,除非同時采取其他的措施。
The time has long since arrived to recognize commercial representation as a profession per se, the successful exercise of which is positively correlated with careful initial selection of commercial representatives, the level and content of their formal education and specialized training, the length and variety of their pertinent experience, and the quality of support they receive from the trade promotion or ministry at home.
句子解析:這句話的主干部分十分短。篢he time has long. Since引導的狀語從句部分都是為了說明駐外商務代表成為專門的業務時其相關的一些情況,在exercise of后面的which代表的是commercial representation,后面有幾個用and連接的與選擇好駐外商務代表相關的要考慮的東西: the level and content of their formal education and specialized training; the length and variety of their pertinent experience和the quality of support。
句子翻譯:駐外商務代表的工作實際上是一種專門的業務---早就應該這樣看待這個問題。要把這項工作做好,首先是要選擇好駐外商務代表。要考慮他們所受的正規教育和專門培訓的程度和內容,他們過去有哪些和有多少相關的經驗,以及他們能夠從國內的貿易促進機構和貿易部得到什么樣的支持。