(1)把非謂語動詞直接譯成名詞
例：When that happens， it is not a mistake： it is mankind''s instinct for moral reasoning in action， an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
當人們產生同情心的時候并不是一個錯誤，這是人類用道德觀念進行推理的本能在起作用，這種本能應得到鼓勵，而不應遭到嘲弄
(2)把非謂語動詞直接譯成謂詞動詞
例：Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.
在這些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地來自社會需求;另一些則是由于科學在一定程度上自我加速而產生某些特定發展的必然結果。
(3)把非謂語動詞直接譯成動詞
例：However， the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world''s more fascinating and delightful aspects.
然而，世界就是如此，完美的體系一般而言是無法解決世上某些更加引人入勝的課題的。
(4)把非謂語動詞直接譯成形容詞
例：The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang， first put forward in the 1920s， to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.
巨大的宇宙云的存在，實際上是使二十世紀二十年代首創的大爆炸論得以保持其宇宙起源論的主導地位所不可缺少的。