2021年考研英語
2021年考研英語1
馬上就是暑假了,到我家來找我的學(xué)弟學(xué)妹漸漸多了起來,歸結(jié)起來就是想探得我考研成功的秘密?佳杏⒄Z75分,雖然不高,但是也是自己一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)經(jīng)過努力取得的,要知道,我的六級(jí)考了兩次都沒有考過,考研英語是我最大的隱患了!總結(jié)復(fù)習(xí)的日子,暑假是我英語成績(jī)提高最快的一個(gè)階段,這也得益于研究考研英語真題。
做真題是暑假復(fù)習(xí)考研英語非常重要的復(fù)習(xí)方式。在考研英語當(dāng)中,尤其是閱讀部分,命題思路、文章結(jié)構(gòu)等非常類似,經(jīng)?疾榈暮诵膯卧~也會(huì)反復(fù)出現(xiàn),多做幾回真題,你就能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,了解各類題型的解題辦法,發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的不足,進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的練習(xí)。在暑假,我的復(fù)習(xí)是這樣安排的:
一、按照考試時(shí)間做考研真題
考研英語是下午2點(diǎn)開始的,所以我都是放在下午重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)英語。3個(gè)小時(shí)做一套真題,根據(jù)答案打出分?jǐn)?shù)。然后根據(jù)權(quán)威的答案解析,仔細(xì)分析自己各部分的答題情況,是做對(duì)的、還是蒙對(duì)的?為什么會(huì)做錯(cuò)?要是有不懂的地方就及時(shí)將問題提交到答疑板上,讓專業(yè)老師給解答,根據(jù)答案,理順一下自己的思路,轉(zhuǎn)變思維方式。
二、重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)8年的真題
十年真題中,我將兩套真題留出來做最后的模擬練習(xí),所以復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候,挑選了8年的真題,這8套真題中,X年的由于是最新的,所以沒有做,X年的是最早的,也留出來了,主要是想看看不同時(shí)期的試題自己是否都能應(yīng)付。
在這8套真題中,難度是有大有小,因?yàn)樵缫恍⿻r(shí)間的真題和最新的真題出題上會(huì)稍微有點(diǎn)變動(dòng),所以應(yīng)該鍛煉自己實(shí)際分析的能力,絕對(duì)不能憑感覺。真題中的詞匯和長(zhǎng)難句都是我分析的重點(diǎn),我將真題中的詞匯制作成表格,出現(xiàn)頻率最高的那些就重點(diǎn)記憶,還查看字典看有沒有其他的用法。長(zhǎng)難句就按照老師上課講課分析的方法,先劃主謂賓,然后分層次層層剝開,將定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語等成分安插在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢,長(zhǎng)期這樣鍛煉,不但提高了做題的速度,還讓我的理解能力有了長(zhǎng)足的長(zhǎng)進(jìn)!
做完真題后,綜合分析學(xué)習(xí)效果。感覺理解不到位,或者某一部分比較欠缺,可以再做一遍真題;蛘咴诜治鲎约旱谋∪踔幒螅嗅槍(duì)性地選擇相應(yīng)的模擬題來做。
三、考研英語復(fù)習(xí)資料在精不在多
很多人問我,復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候用的是什么參考資料,我個(gè)人認(rèn)為,市面上的參考書種類太多,質(zhì)量參差不齊,只有考研真題才是最權(quán)威、最有價(jià)值的!有的時(shí)候,考研不在于我們做了多少題,買了多少本書,其實(shí)真正的成功就是將簡(jiǎn)單的事情做好。一本真題,花費(fèi)不大,但是卻實(shí)實(shí)在在能將我們的成績(jī)提高,這就是好資料。
不管你英語好,還是基礎(chǔ)太差,都要正確的看待自己,也都要注意利用暑假黃金時(shí)期。成績(jī)不是問出來的,是學(xué)出來的,所以希望大家都能在暑假中提高自己的能力,收獲考研的成功!
2021年考研英語2
備受考生關(guān)注的《全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試英語考試大綱》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱大綱)于20xx年8月26日新鮮出爐,從整體上看,今年的大綱與去年相比,沒有任何變化,因此,各位考生大可按照既定的復(fù)習(xí)思路繼續(xù)備考。那么相對(duì)于試卷上客觀存在的5類題型,很多考生在備考過程中容易忽略掉一個(gè)最最基礎(chǔ)的內(nèi)容詞匯。本文將結(jié)合最新的考綱及真題,為各位考生總結(jié)歸納9月份以后詞匯備考策略。
到了9月份以后,考生們開始專注于各個(gè)題型的解題技巧的學(xué)習(xí)或真題的演練。而做過真題的同學(xué)必然會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),通過解題技巧定位出題目答案所在的范圍后,面臨的最大的問題就是鎖定的那句話讀不明白,原因很簡(jiǎn)單:?jiǎn)卧~不認(rèn)識(shí)。因此,詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)與復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)始終貫穿始終并且有計(jì)劃性。從基礎(chǔ)階段的夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ),到強(qiáng)化階段的解題技巧的學(xué)習(xí),再到提高階段真題的演練以至于沖刺階段的查缺補(bǔ)漏,唯一不能停止學(xué)習(xí)的就是單詞,只是在不同階段,各位考生對(duì)單詞記憶的側(cè)重點(diǎn)可以稍微有所調(diào)整。備考之初,很多同學(xué)整天抱著很厚的一本單詞書啃,但過了基礎(chǔ)階段,就將其拋到九霄云外。確實(shí),9月份之后沒有像前期大把的時(shí)間著眼于單詞,但也不能完全不理會(huì)它,正如大綱所言:閱讀上要求考生能夠讀懂一篇生詞量不超過3%的學(xué)術(shù)性議論文,也就意味著1篇500詞左右的文章最多有15個(gè)左右單詞是不認(rèn)識(shí)的。那么這些生詞該如何破解?①猜測(cè);②結(jié)合語境。那么又該如何猜測(cè)呢?大綱在詞匯上明確要求我們要掌握116組前后綴,這就是在提醒同學(xué)們?cè)诔跗趥淇紩r(shí)就要按照詞根詞綴法記憶單詞,首先可以識(shí)記詞匯,其次可以幫助我們猜測(cè)生詞。因此,9月份以后單詞的學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)圍繞真題,復(fù)習(xí)真題中出現(xiàn)的高頻、核心單詞,從真題中強(qiáng)化基礎(chǔ),這也就要求各位考生在日常的練習(xí)中能夠有規(guī)律性的進(jìn)行整理跟歸納:①對(duì)于那些已經(jīng)徹底記住的單詞,直接略過,當(dāng)然要注意一點(diǎn),簡(jiǎn)單詞匯的熟詞生義是否掌握了,因?yàn)檫@是大綱對(duì)基礎(chǔ)詞匯最直接的要求;②對(duì)于那部分始終有障礙的單詞就要重點(diǎn)標(biāo)記并且反復(fù)記憶;③學(xué)會(huì)分類總結(jié)高頻核心詞匯,如:動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞這四大重點(diǎn)詞性的核心詞匯;閱讀中表示人、表示地點(diǎn)、表示觀點(diǎn)、表示態(tài)度等的詞匯。
總之,到了9月份以后,詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)一定要科學(xué)合理,千萬不能眉毛胡子一把抓。同時(shí),單詞的記憶也是一個(gè)持之以恒、循序漸進(jìn)的過程,如果三天打魚、兩天曬網(wǎng),即使再科學(xué)有效的方式、再強(qiáng)的大腦,也戰(zhàn)勝不了遺忘這個(gè)大敵!最后,考研的老師們預(yù)祝各位考生備考順利,考出好成績(jī)!
2021年考研英語3
一、簡(jiǎn)潔性原則
句式簡(jiǎn)潔性原則包括句式無重復(fù)和語義簡(jiǎn)潔兩個(gè)方面。
1、句式無重復(fù)是針對(duì)同一篇文章中,過多使用同一種句式的現(xiàn)象提出的。
在一篇文章中,要盡量避免使用雷同句式。例如:表達(dá)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)時(shí),盡量不要通篇都是I think, in my opinion。要實(shí)現(xiàn)句式無重復(fù),可以用我們接下來要講到的長(zhǎng)短句相間原則和特殊句式原則。
2、語義簡(jiǎn)潔是指句與句之間聯(lián)系緊密,語義上不重復(fù)。如果兩個(gè)分句在語義上聯(lián)系較緊密,建議用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句來表達(dá)。
二、長(zhǎng)短句相間原則
短句一般語氣重,多在一個(gè)復(fù)雜的意思表達(dá)完成之后表示強(qiáng)調(diào),富有力度;長(zhǎng)句則適用于準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)復(fù)雜的思想。這樣結(jié)合可以很好地發(fā)揮兩種句子的優(yōu)點(diǎn),反之,如果只用長(zhǎng)句或短句則會(huì)使行文顯得過于單調(diào)。所以在寫作中應(yīng)該是長(zhǎng)句和短句交替使用。
請(qǐng)看下面考生的范文:
Almost definitely, our parents are the best teachers at the beginning of our life, which actually reflects the role of parents in nature. Parents are the most committed and involved in teaching their children; they have the instinct to sacrifice a part of themselves for the betterment of their children. They do so because they love us. They want their children to be successful and thus will not teach them bad things. And of course, implicit learning occurs when children unconsciously follow some of their parents' habits, mannerisms, and kinds of behavior.
作者要論證父母在子女的早期教育中所發(fā)揮的作用。在用較長(zhǎng)的句子對(duì)此進(jìn)行論述之后,用一句精悍的總結(jié)點(diǎn)出了父母這樣做的原因——They do so because they love us.短短一句話七個(gè)單詞卻有著非比尋常的分量,同時(shí)又自然地引出了下文的論述。
三、特殊句式原則
特殊句式是英語寫作的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。特殊句式運(yùn)用得當(dāng)能為文章增色。通過對(duì)歷年考研真題作文的分析,我們歸納出考生寫作中容易犯錯(cuò)的三大語法點(diǎn):倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)、非謂語動(dòng)詞。
句式注意事項(xiàng):
①不管是哪種句式,要盡量避免語法錯(cuò)誤和拼寫錯(cuò)誤。因?yàn)槠降木涫娇傄眠^錯(cuò)誤的句式。
②一篇文章中,不要過多使用同一個(gè)句式。一篇文章中,不要過多使用長(zhǎng)句,也不要過多使用短句;不要因?yàn)橛梅侵^語結(jié)構(gòu)代替狀語從句或定語從句是高分句式就過多地使用;如果一篇文章中已經(jīng)有了一個(gè),最多兩個(gè)同樣的句式,考慮到句式的多樣化,建議就不要再用同樣的句式了。
20xx年考研英語:作文得分用詞是基礎(chǔ)
一、無重復(fù)原則
在表達(dá)同一意思時(shí),英語寫作中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在同一文章中反復(fù)使用同一個(gè)單詞或短語的情況,這就是我們通常所說的重復(fù)。除了修辭上的需要,重復(fù)使用某個(gè)單詞或短語容易給閱卷老師留下詞匯匱乏的印象。
例如:
名詞重復(fù) It is advisable to take a good attitude because attitude is a guarantee for our success.
動(dòng)詞重復(fù) I like reading while my brother likes playing football.
形容詞重復(fù) The drawing, profound as it is, does illustrate a profound social phenomenon that...
為避免用詞的重復(fù),可采用以下方法:省略;代詞替換;同義詞、反義詞、派生詞替換。
省略是避免重復(fù)最主要的方法。它可以節(jié)省詞語,使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更緊湊,還可以有效避免名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞的重復(fù)。
例如:Jack needn't stay here, but George must (stay here).
代詞替換這種方法主要用于解決名詞的重復(fù)問題。
例如:It is advisable to take a good attitude because attitude is a guarantee for our success.可改為:It is advisable to take a good attitude because it is a guarantee for our success.
同義詞、反義詞、派生詞轉(zhuǎn)換:英語中,人們常常用同義詞代替上文出現(xiàn)過的詞,以求避免用詞重復(fù),體現(xiàn)文采,這種語言現(xiàn)象被稱作“求雅變異”。恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用同義詞不僅可以體現(xiàn)雅致的文風(fēng),還有利于增強(qiáng)段落的統(tǒng)一性和連貫性。
以下文為例:
Last but not least, a number of people keep on learning simply because the activity itself brings enormous fun. Do you remember the joy of solving a difficult equation on your own as a student? Do you remember the pleasure of touching those greatest immortal souls by reading classics? Do you remember the excitement when you finally learned a skill after trying dozens of times? These experiences remind us of how much fun the learning has, and it would be a great loss if we did not continue.
該段落通順流暢、渾然一體。這里真正起到銜接作用的一是三個(gè)以“Do you remember”開頭的排比句,形式上的工整起到前后呼應(yīng)的作用;二是近義詞。借助與主題句中的關(guān)鍵詞“fun”語義上的密切聯(lián)系,joy, pleasure, excitement彼此間相互呼應(yīng),從而使整個(gè)論述部分緊緊圍繞中心,直接支持論點(diǎn)。
二、詞義具體化原則
詞義具體化就是指寫作過程中盡量避免使用意義寬泛、模糊的詞,要根據(jù)語境使用具體、生動(dòng)的詞。
考生作文中常見的一大問題正是寬泛詞用得過多,論述浮于表面,不夠細(xì)致深入。
以下文為例:
Secondly, doing some social practice, such as some volunteering work, can improve college students' practical abilities. It will create more opportunities for college students to communicate with various kinds of people, strengthen the students' confidence of expressing their own ideas and improve their practical abilities.
該文章由于選用寬泛詞,沒有深入挖掘展示social practice和practical abilities的具體內(nèi)容,因此段落并沒有真正展開,只有骨頭沒有肉,打動(dòng)不了閱卷老師。與之相反,下文通過用大量明確、具體的詞來論述主題句中的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容,可以給閱卷老師留下深刻印象。
Secondly, through some social practice college students can improve their practical abilities. They can learn how to bargain, negotiate, and compromise in finding a part-time job; they can learn how to lead, motivate, and compliment their followers when organizing a campus event; they can learn how to release pressure, compose themselves and give the best performance in the face of a demanding speech contest. By joining social activities, college students can develop their communication skills and problem-solving abilities.
上面的考生作文對(duì)social practice的內(nèi)容具體展開,用排比句具體闡述了學(xué)生熟悉的三種社會(huì)實(shí)踐場(chǎng)景:尋找兼職、組織校園活動(dòng)和參加演講比賽?忌矝]有空洞地說提高practical abilities,而是把practical abilities的內(nèi)容根據(jù)以上提到的三種社會(huì)實(shí)踐場(chǎng)景具體化,如communication skills和problem-solving abilities。把寬泛的內(nèi)容具體化能使論證更加充分,更容易打動(dòng)閱卷老師,得到高分。
三、短語優(yōu)先原則
在寫作中使用短語是彰顯自己作文功底的一種方法。使用短語替換單詞具有兩大優(yōu)勢(shì):
、偈刮恼赂鼮榈氐,增加亮點(diǎn)。
、谠黾幼?jǐn)?shù)。
20xx年考研英語:英語寫作邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)分析
一、首段方法
根據(jù)考研大作文的結(jié)構(gòu)框架可知,大作文的首段主要就是描述圖片,從圖片描述的細(xì)節(jié)中推導(dǎo)出文章的主題。這種對(duì)圖畫進(jìn)行描述,并給出自己理解的方法叫作現(xiàn)象闡釋法,F(xiàn)象闡釋法是考研大作文首段最常用的一種方法。描述圖畫并且由對(duì)圖畫的描寫過渡到個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)或者圖畫內(nèi)涵的提出這兩個(gè)部分至關(guān)重要。這兩個(gè)部分常用的句式如下:
(一)描述圖畫
1. The cartoon vividly depicts . 這幅漫畫生動(dòng)地描述了。
2. As is described in the picture, . 如圖中所描述的,。
3. As is vividly indicated in the above drawing/picture, .
如上圖生動(dòng)地描述的那樣,。
4. The drawing, thought-provoking as it is, does mirror a social phenomenon that .
這幅發(fā)人深省的圖畫的確反映了這樣一個(gè)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象:。
5. In the cartoon presented to us, . Obviously, what the cartoon illustrates/reveals is .
在展現(xiàn)給我們的圖片中,。顯然,該圖片說明/揭示的是。
6. As is symbolically depicted in the drawing above, . Although the drawing is designed simply, it does reveal that .
正如上圖象征性地描繪的一樣,。雖然該圖很簡(jiǎn)單,它確實(shí)反映了。
7. As is vividly illustrated in the cartoon, . The central point of this cartoon is that .
正如漫畫中生動(dòng)展示的,。該漫畫的主旨是。
8. As the bar chart shows, the number of has dramatically increased/decreased during the years from to .
如柱狀圖所示,的數(shù)量從年到年年之間急劇增加/減少。
9. From the graph, we know the statistics of and . It can be seen easily that .
從圖表中我們可知和的數(shù)據(jù)。我們可以很容易地看出。
10. From the bar chart, it is clear that between and the amount of ranged from to .
從柱狀圖中可以清楚地看到,從到,的數(shù)量在到之間變化。
11. As the bar chart shows, great changes concerning took place between and .
柱狀圖表明,從到,發(fā)生了很大的變化。
12. As can be seen in the graph, saw great changes in between and .
從圖表可知,在到之間,發(fā)生了巨大變化。
13. Recently, the rise in the problem of has aroused public/wide concern.
近來,問題的增加已經(jīng)引起了公眾/廣泛的關(guān)注。
14. Recently, the issue of has been brought into focus/brought to public attention.
近來,問題已經(jīng)成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。
15. The problem of has caused wide concern over recent years.
近年來,問題已經(jīng)引起了廣泛的關(guān)注。
16. With the rapid growth of , have/has become increasingly important in our daily life.
隨著的快速增長(zhǎng),在我們的日常生活中已經(jīng)變得越來越重要。
17. Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to .
如今,人們?cè)絹碓揭庾R(shí)到的必要性。
18. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/be aware that .
如今,越來越多的人開始意識(shí)到。
19. After a good many years of enthusiasm for , people begin to .
熱衷于多年之后,人們開始。
20. One of the burning/pressing problems facing/confronting our nation/society today is .
我們的國(guó)家/社會(huì)今天面臨的緊迫問題之一是。
21. With playing an increasingly important role in , more and more .
隨著在中的作用日益重要,越來越多的。
22. Whenever you see/find , you can't help being shocked/surprised at .
每當(dāng)看到/發(fā)現(xiàn)的時(shí)候,你會(huì)不禁為感到震驚/驚訝。
23. Undoubtedly this picture describes a scenario that .
毫無疑問,這幅圖畫描述了這樣一個(gè)情景。
24. The drawing given above portrays a thought-provoking scene that .
上面的圖畫為我們展示了一個(gè)發(fā)人深省的場(chǎng)景。
(二) 引出個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)或圖畫內(nèi)涵
1. This picture demonstrates one of the basic theories of philosophy: .
這幅圖片展現(xiàn)了哲學(xué)的一個(gè)基本理論:。
2. Such a picture draws attention to the fact that .
這樣一種畫面吸引我們注意到這樣的現(xiàn)實(shí):。
3. The purpose of the drawing is to show us that .
這幅畫是為了向我們展示。
4. The painter reminds us of a common social phenomenon: .
畫的作者提醒我們注意一個(gè)普遍的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象:。
5. From the picture above we are informed that .
從上面這幅圖片,我們可以得知。
6. It ironically depicts the common phenomenon that .
圖片諷刺地描繪了一個(gè)普遍的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象:。
7. This drawing reflects a prevailing trend that .
這幅圖片揭示了當(dāng)今一個(gè)大趨勢(shì):。
8. What the above pictures intend to illustrate is that .
上面的圖畫意在說明。
9. The aim of the portrayal is to illustrate that . 這幅畫旨在說明。
10. The drawing reveals a thought-provoking truth that .
這幅圖畫揭示了一個(gè)發(fā)人深省的道理。
11. Apparently, the painter wishes to draw our attention to the social phenomenon that .
顯然,繪畫者希望我們注意這樣一個(gè)社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。
12. The simple but thought-provoking cartoon tends to highlight nothing but .
這幅簡(jiǎn)單卻發(fā)人深省的漫畫強(qiáng)調(diào)了。
13. The primary purpose of the drawings is to emphasize .
圖畫的主要目的是強(qiáng)調(diào)。
02中間段方法
考研大作文的中間段又稱主旨段,一般是揭示圖畫內(nèi)涵,并對(duì)圖畫的內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行分析、論證。中間段首先要寫好主題句。寫主題句時(shí),要注意以下兩點(diǎn):
、俣温渲黝}句的內(nèi)容應(yīng)豐滿,切忌空洞。一個(gè)段落的信息容量是有限的,如果主題句限定的范圍太籠統(tǒng),其內(nèi)容就難以在一個(gè)段落中闡述清楚。
例如:The relationship is depressing.看到這個(gè)話題,我們禁不住會(huì)問什么樣的關(guān)系,沮喪到了何種程度,這都很難界定,讓人無從下手。我們可以改寫為:The relationship between parents and children is more depressing compared with decades ago.
、诙温渲黝}句應(yīng)有展開的空間,不宜太具體。段落主題句限定范圍太窄不利于段落的展開論述。
例如:Going to college, one can make friends.看到這個(gè)句子的時(shí)候,相信大部分考生會(huì)有句子已經(jīng)把話說完的感覺。原因是這個(gè)主題句限定的范圍太窄了。我們可以改成:Going to college, one can learn more and thus make more suitable friends.
寫好主題句,接下來就是對(duì)主題句進(jìn)行論證了。一般來講,真正決定作文表達(dá)效果的還是中間段。為了緊扣題意,增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果,中間段的寫作可采用以下三種方法:因果論證法、對(duì)比法、舉例法。
(一)因果論證法
因果論證法是給出一個(gè)論點(diǎn),并從不同的幾個(gè)方面分條列舉原因或者可能的影響的方法。因果論證法常用的素材有:
引出原因
1. There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/are responsible for/can explain .
也許有一些因素造成/可以解釋。
2. There are probably three/many/several/a variety of reasons for this dramatic/significant increase/decline in .
引起顯著增長(zhǎng)/下降的原因有三個(gè)/許多/幾個(gè)/很多。
3. Some reasons can explain this trend. 一些原因可以解釋這一趨勢(shì)。
4. Why ?為什么?
5. The causes of are varied. They include , and perhaps the main cause is .
造成的原因有很多,包括,主要原因可能是。
6. The reason for this is not far to seek. 這一問題的原因不難發(fā)現(xiàn)。
7. It is no easy task to identify the reasons for this phenomenon which involves several complicated factors.
要找出這一現(xiàn)象的原因并非易事,因?yàn)樗婕叭舾蓮?fù)雜的因素。
8. There are numerous reasons why , and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here. 的原因有很多,這里我只想探討其中幾個(gè)最重要的原因。
9. There are many reasons responsible for this phenomenon, and the following are the typical ones.
導(dǎo)致這種現(xiàn)象的原因有很多,以下是其中比較有代表性的。
10. There are many reasons explaining this case. As for me, I regard the following as the typical ones.
有很多原因可以解釋該問題。就我而言,我認(rèn)為以下原因比較典型。
11. A number of factors could account for/contribute to/lead to/result in the change of .
引起變化的因素有很多。
12. Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involve .
任何對(duì)此問題的討論都不可避免地涉及。
13. One may attribute/ascribe the increase/decrease/change to .
人們可能將這一增長(zhǎng)/下降/變化歸因于。
14. We may blame/criticize for ,but the causes/roots of the problem/phenomenon/trend go much deeper.
我們或許會(huì)因?yàn)榕u(píng),但是這一問題/現(xiàn)象/趨勢(shì)背后有著更深層次的.原因。
分條列舉原因
1. In the first place, . In the second place, .
首先,。其次,。
2. First, . Second, . 首先,。其次,。
3. To begin with, . Secondly, . Last but not least, .
首先,。其次,。最后但并不是最不重要的,。
4. The first reason is that . The second one is . The third is .
第一個(gè)原因是。第二個(gè)原因是。第三個(gè)原因是。
5. First of all, . Secondly, . Furthermore, .
首先,。其次,。另外,。
6. For one thing, . For another, .
一方面,。另一方面,。
7. Firstly, . Secondly, . Thirdly, .
首先,。其次,。再次,。
8. Another reason why I disagree with the above statements is that I believe.
我不同意上述觀點(diǎn)的另一個(gè)原因是我認(rèn)為。
(二)對(duì)比法
對(duì)比法是通過正反兩方面的比較來闡釋主題的方法。中間段中對(duì)比法的運(yùn)用一般是先揭示圖片內(nèi)涵,再從正反兩方面論證圖片的內(nèi)涵。對(duì)比法常用的素材有:
1. The advantages gained in outweigh/are much greater than the advantages we gain from . 從中獲取的優(yōu)勢(shì)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過我們從中獲取的。
2. bear(s) a close/striking resemblance to .
與極為相似。
3. On the one hand, . On the other hand, .
一方面,。另一方面,。
4. Similarly/Likewise/In the same way, . 同樣,。
5. Although enjoy(s) a distinct advantage, .
盡管有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì),但是。
6. Many students like . Among them there are two different attitudes to . Some of them think that . Others, however, don't think so. They feel that .
許多學(xué)生喜歡。關(guān)于他們有兩種不同的觀點(diǎn)。有人認(rèn)為。而另外一些則不贊同這種看法。他們認(rèn)為。
7. Nothing/Few things can approach/equal/match . 沒有什么能與相比。
8. Indeed, carries more weight than when is concerned.
的確,就而言,的重要性要超過。
9. Serious as the problem may be, it pales in comparison with .
這個(gè)問題可能很嚴(yán)重,但與相比就微不足道了。
10. In comparison/contrast, . 比較而言/對(duì)比起來,。
11. Indeed/Certainly, play(s) a more/less important role when compared with .
當(dāng)然,與相比,的影響要大/小得多。
12. Despite the fact that most of them like , I would like to choose to .
盡管大多數(shù)人喜歡,我還是傾向于。
13. When the advantages and disadvantages are compared/weighed, the conclusion/finding is quite obvious/self-evident. 比較一下優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),結(jié)論就不言而喻了。
14. There is no consensus among people as to . Some people suggest that , while others argue that . I agree with the latter/former.
人們并未就達(dá)成一致意見。一些人建議,而另一些人則認(rèn)為。我贊成后者/前者。
15. People differ greatly in their attitudes toward this problem. Some maintain that . Others, on the contrary, hold the opinion that . Personally, I stand on the side of .
人們對(duì)于這個(gè)問題的態(tài)度差異很大。有人認(rèn)為。與此相反,另外一些人認(rèn)為。就我個(gè)人而言,我站在這一邊。
16. For most people today, have/has become their main source of . But as for me, should be regarded as a better source.
如今大多數(shù)人將作為的主要來源。但就我而言,應(yīng)被看作一種更好的來源。
17. may be superior to , but it poses problems for those who .
可能比更好一些,但它會(huì)給那些的人帶來問題。
18. Different people have different ideas about . Some people take it for granted that . On the contrary, some other people think .
關(guān)于的觀點(diǎn)因人而異。有人想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為。相反,其他人則認(rèn)為。
19. This case has aroused echoes throughout the country with more and more people following its lead, but ideas about it vary widely. Those who oppose/object to/are against it argue/hold that , but people who advocate/support/are for it maintain/assert/claim that .
隨著越來越多的人加入它的行列,這一事件已經(jīng)在全國(guó)引起了巨大反響。然而,人們對(duì)此的觀點(diǎn)卻迥然不同。反對(duì)者認(rèn)為,但支持者則宣稱。
20. People differ in their opinions on . Some of them believe that , while others deem that .
人們對(duì)持有不同的看法。有些人認(rèn)為,而有些人則認(rèn)為。
21. Many surveys show that people in increasing numbers are beginning to realize that . Meanwhile, many people still live under the traditional idea that .
許多調(diào)查顯示,越來越多的人開始意識(shí)到。同時(shí),仍有許多人持傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn),認(rèn)為。
(三)舉例法
舉例法是指通過列舉事例或具體細(xì)節(jié)使主題句的抽象含義具體化,進(jìn)一步說明主題句所表達(dá)的思想的方法。舉例法能增強(qiáng)說服力和條理性。引出例子常用的素材有:
1. From my everyday experience and observation I can list several examples that defend the statement that .
根據(jù)我的日常經(jīng)驗(yàn)和觀察,我可以舉出幾個(gè)例子來證明。
2. There are many instances supporting my opinion. 有許多例子可以證明我的觀點(diǎn)。
3. Perhaps the most important example of is .
有關(guān)的最重要的例子可能是。
4. A case in point is . 一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)睦邮恰?/p>
5. Take for example. 以為例。
6. This is a concrete example concerning . 這是一個(gè)有關(guān)的具體例子。
7. Nothing could be more obvious/apparent than the evidence that .
再?zèng)]有比更明顯的例子了。
8. I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the example of .
要說明這個(gè)問題,是一個(gè)最好的例子。
9. The latest surveys conducted by show/reveal/demonstrate/indicate that .
由開展的最新調(diào)查顯示,。
10. No one can deny the fact that .
沒有人可以否認(rèn)的事實(shí)。
11. Talking about , the first thing that may occur to you and me seems to be .
說到,我們首先想到的似乎就是。
12. A common example, which is frequently cited, is .
一個(gè)被普遍引用的例子是。
13. Instances of the same sort might be quoted easily, but this will be sufficient to show that .
類似的例子不勝枚舉,但這一個(gè)就足以說明。
14. History abounds with the example of . 歷史上有許多方面的例子。
15. The following example best illustrates the idea that .
下面這個(gè)例子很好地說明了。
16. As one writer/scientist/psychologist wrote/commented/pointed out/noted, .
正如一位作家/科學(xué)家/心理學(xué)家所寫/說/指出的,。
17. It is a commonly accepted fact that . 是一個(gè)被普遍接受的事實(shí)。
18. This is a typical/striking/notable illustration/example of .
這是的典型例子。
19. To the already familiar examples/facts, a few more/a number of other examples/facts can be added.
除了這些已經(jīng)熟悉的例子/事實(shí),我們還可以舉出其他的一些例子/事實(shí)。
03
末段方法
末段一般是總結(jié)全文,照應(yīng)題目,點(diǎn)明主旨,深化中心。簡(jiǎn)潔、有力的末段可以為文章錦上添花。末段的寫作可嘗試使用以下四種方法:歸納總結(jié)法、名言引用法、提出建議法、預(yù)測(cè)展望法。
(一)歸納總結(jié)法
歸納總結(jié)法指的是以文章前面的論述為依據(jù),引出或重申文章的中心思想或結(jié)論。歸納總結(jié)法常用素材有:
1. To sum up, can benefit us tremendously if correctly used.
總而言之,如果運(yùn)用得當(dāng),會(huì)讓我們受益匪淺。
2. Therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that .
因此,不難得出以下結(jié)論:。
3. Recognizing the fact that will lead us to conclude that .
承認(rèn)這一事實(shí),我們能得出以下結(jié)論:。
4. The evidence upon all sides supports/confirms/leads to a conclusion that .
各方面的證據(jù)支持/表明/得出這樣一個(gè)結(jié)論:。
5. From what has been discussed above/Based on the points discussed above, we can draw/arrive at the conclusion that .
綜上所述,我們能得出如下結(jié)論:。
6. In summary/conclusion/a word, it is important that we should .
總之,我們應(yīng)該,這一點(diǎn)很重要。
(二名言引用法
名言引用法是指引用古今中外名人的名言警句來證明論點(diǎn)。名言引用法常用素材有:
1. The saying has been widely accepted throughout the world.
名言在世界范圍內(nèi)被普遍接受。
2. “.” We are used to hearing such words like those.
“。”我們常常聽到這樣的說法。
3. “.” Such is the opinion of a great man. This remark has been confirmed time and time again by many historical events.
“!边@是一位偉大的人物的觀點(diǎn)。該言論已經(jīng)被許多歷史事件反復(fù)驗(yàn)證。
4. As the proverb goes, . 正如諺語所說。
5. There is an English proverb which says that . 有一個(gè)英語諺語說,。
6. There is an old saying, “.” It is the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.
古語道:“。”這是前輩的經(jīng)驗(yàn),但在今天許多情況下也適用。
二、提出建議法
提出建議法是指對(duì)所討論的問題提出建設(shè)性的意見或者解決問題的具體方法。提出建議法常用素材有:
1. It is time to hear the warnings of some economists.
該是聽聽一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的警告的時(shí)候了。
2. It is time that we put/urged an immediate end to the undesirable situation/tendency of .
該是結(jié)束這種討厭的情況/趨勢(shì)的時(shí)候了。
3. Therefore, in order to , effective means should be taken to .
所以,為了,必須采取有效措施來。
4. It is high time that . Here are some of the things that might be taken up immediately.
該是的時(shí)候了。這里有幾項(xiàng)措施可以立即著手執(zhí)行。
5. It is suggested that the government should make efforts to .
人們建議政府應(yīng)該做出努力去。
6. In short/In any case, we should/ought to/must .
總之/無論如何,我們應(yīng)該/必須。
7. Awareness of the seriousness of the problem is the first step toward the solution.
意識(shí)到這個(gè)問題的嚴(yán)重性是解決問題的第一步。
三、預(yù)測(cè)展望法
預(yù)測(cè)展望法是指預(yù)測(cè)某一現(xiàn)象的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)或某一措施的深遠(yuǎn)影響。預(yù)測(cè)展望法常用素材有:
1. The significance of cannot be overvalued. 的意義重大。
2. What will happen to ? Nobody really knows. But one thing is certain: .
會(huì)發(fā)生什么事情?沒有人確切知道。但有一件事可以肯定:。
3. Following these suggestions may not guarantee success, but the payoff might be worth the effort. It will not only benefit but also benefit .
也許這些建議并不能保證取得成功,但是值得一試。它不但會(huì)造福,而且也會(huì)使受益。
4. To reverse the trend is not a light task. It requires a good awareness of .
要想扭轉(zhuǎn)這一趨勢(shì)并非易事。這需要充分意識(shí)到。
5. People are coming to realize the importance of . Some have begun to try their best to . We believe that .
人們開始意識(shí)到的重要性。許多人已經(jīng)開始竭力。我們相信。
6. It is clear/obvious/evident/apparent that . Therefore, the task of requires/demands/involves .
很顯然,。因此,要完成的任務(wù)必須。
7. With the improvement of , will prove to hold great superior over .
隨著的改善,將證明比更具優(yōu)越性。
8. There is a growing tendency for people these days to , which I believe will not change in a short time.
現(xiàn)在,人們的趨勢(shì)正在增加,而且我認(rèn)為短時(shí)間內(nèi)這種趨勢(shì)不會(huì)改變。
9. If everyone is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
如果人人都愿意為社會(huì)做出貢獻(xiàn),社會(huì)將變得越來越美好。
10. Whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly .
不管它的作用是積極的還是消極的,可以肯定的是它必將。
11. Whatever you do, please remember the old saying . If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you'll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
不管你做什么,請(qǐng)記住這句老話:。如果你懂得它的意思,并將其應(yīng)用到學(xué)習(xí)或工作中,你定將受益匪淺。
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