中秋節(jié)來歷英語(yǔ)介紹
中秋節(jié)作為我國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，那么它的來歷你是否知道？以下是關(guān)于中秋節(jié)來歷英語(yǔ)介紹的文章，歡迎閱讀！
The joyous Mid-Autumn Festival was celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth moon, around the time of the autumn equinox(秋分). Many referred to it simply as the "Fifteenth of the Eighth Moon".
農(nóng)歷8月15日是中國(guó)的中秋節(jié)，接近秋分時(shí)節(jié)。很多人將中秋節(jié)簡(jiǎn)單的.理解為與“8月15的月亮”相關(guān)。
This day was also considered as a harvest festival since fruits, vegetables and grain had been harvested by this time and food was abundant. Food offerings were placed on an altar set up in the courtyard. Apples, pears, peaches, grapes, pomegranates(石榴), melons, oranges and pomelos(柚子) might be seen. Special foods for the festival included moon cakes, cooked taro(芋頭)and water caltrope(菱角), a type of water chestnut resembling black buffalo horns. Some people insisted that cooked taro be included because at the time of creation, taro was the first food discovered at night in the moonlight. Of all these foods, it could not be omitted from the Mid-Autumn Festival.
The round moon cakes, measuring about three inches in diameter and one and a half inches in thickness, resembled Western fruitcakes in taste and consistency. These cakes were made with melon seeds(西瓜子), lotus seeds(蓮籽), almonds(杏仁), minced meats, bean paste, orange peels and lard(豬油). A golden yolk(蛋黃) from a salted duck egg was placed at the center of each cake, and the golden brown crust was decorated with symbols of the festival. Traditionally, thirteen moon cakes were piled in a pyramid to symbolize the thirteen moons of a "complete year," that is, twelve moons plus one intercalary(閏月的) moon. uUlsda E
The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional festivity for both the Han and minority nationalities. The custom of worshipping the moon can be traced back as far as the ancient Xia and Shang Dynasties (2000 B.C.-1066 B.C.). In the Zhou Dynasty(1066 B.C.-221 B.C.), people hold ceremonies to greet winter and worship the moon whenever the Mid-Autumn Festival sets in. It becomes very prevalent in theTang Dynasty(618-907 A.D.) that people enjoy and worship the full moon. In the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279 A.D.), however, people send round moon cakes to their relatives as gifts in expression of their best wishes of family reunion. When it becomes dark, they look up at the full silver moon or go sightseeing on lakes to celebrate the festival. Since the Ming (1368-1644 A.D. ) and Qing Dynasties (1644-1911A.D.), the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival celebration becomes unprecedented popular. Together with the celebration there appear some special customs in different parts of the country, such as burning incense(熏香), planting Mid-Autumn trees, lighting lanterns on towers and fire dragon dances. However, the custom of playing under the moon is not so popular as it used to be nowadays, but it is not less popular to enjoy the bright silver moon. Whenever the festival sets in, people will look up at the full silver moon, drinking wine to celebrate their happy life or thinking of their relatives and friends far from home, and extending all of their best wishes to them.
Moon Cakes月餅
There is this story about the moon-cake. during the Yuan dynasty (A.D. 1280-1368) China was ruled by the Mongolian people. Leaders from the preceding Sung dynasty (A.D. 960-1280) were unhappy at submitting to the foreign rule, and set how to coordinate the rebellion without being discovered. The leaders of the rebellion, knowing that the Moon Festival was drawing near, ordered the making of special cakes. Backed into each moon cake was a message with the outline of the attack. On the night of the Moon Festival, the rebels successfully attached and overthrew the government. Today, moon cakes are eaten to commemorate this legend and was called the Moon Cake.
For generations, moon cakes have been made with sweet fillings of nuts, mashed red beans, lotus-seed paste or Chinese dates(棗子), wrapped in a pastry. Sometimes a cooked egg yolk can be found in the middle of therich tasting dessert. People compare moon cakes to the plum pudding and fruit cakes which are served in the English holiday seasons.
拓展：潮汕中秋節(jié)來歷
The 15th day of August in the lunar calendar is the traditional Mid Autumn Festival in China, commonly known as "August Festival". Because this time is in the middle of autumn in the four seasons of the year, it is called the Mid Autumn Festival, also known as the Mid Autumn Festival. There are also "August half" in Chaoshan area. In Zhouli, the word "Mid Autumn Festival" has been recorded. The moon at night is rounder and brighter than other months, so people look up to the bright moon in the sky, which is as bright as a jade plate, and naturally look forward to reuniting with their relatives. Those who are far away from home also take this opportunity to place their yearning for their hometown and relatives.
Therefore, the Mid Autumn Festival is also called "reunion day". Although there are many different versions of the origin and legend of the Mid Autumn Festival, the main version is that the festival originated from fairy tales such as Chang'e rushing to the moon, Wu Gang cutting osmanthus, and the Jade Rabbit pounding herbs. In addition, there is the legend of Zhu Yuanzhang and the moon cake uprising. Because of the different views, the customs are different. The Mid Autumn Festival in Chaoshan has a strong local cultural color. After autumn, mature pomelo, green pears, red pears, pineapples, bananas, LinQin, longan, carambola, red persimmon, niuxin persimmon and other fruits compete for the market, and the dazzling fruits naturally become the best choice for the Mid Autumn Festival. Therefore, the Mid Autumn Festival is also called "fruit Festival" and "Ramadan Festival". Chaoshan Mid Autumn Festival custom
1、 Enjoy the moon, worship the moon and eat moon cakes
There are customs of enjoying the moon and eating moon cakes in various places on the Mid Autumn Festival. There are two different versions of eating moon cakes in the Mid Autumn Festival. One is the story that Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty (618 - 907) distributed moon cakes to all officials after winning the battle for the border. Another is that at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the people of the Central Plains could not bear the cruel rule of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty and rose one after another. However, the officers and men of the imperial court were heavily guarded and it was very difficult to pass information. They hid a note with the words "uprising on the night of August 15th" in the moon cake, and all the rebel armies immediately revolted. This is the main reason why Chaoshan people eat moon cakes in the Mid Autumn Festival.
However, the custom of Mid Autumn Festival in Chaoshan area also has unique local characteristics. There is a saying that "men do not worship the full moon, women do not worship the kitchen". When women "worship the moon mother", men will invite several friends to the balcony or climb high, place Gongfu tea sets, boil water and make tea, taste tea, enjoy the moon and taste moon cakes.
On the Mid Autumn Festival in Chaoshan area, there is not only the custom of eating moon cakes, but also the act of giving moon cakes to each other, which promotes the development of the production technology of Chaoshan buns, from the initial family production to the production of special workshops. Chaoshan buns are also known as Chaoshan moon cakes; Yixi cake, Sunan cake and Guiyu cake have long been famous, and they have become one of the five nationally famous moon cakes, alongside Beijing style moon cake, Cantonese style moon cake, Su style moon cake and Tianjin style moon cake.
The Mid Autumn Festival has the custom of worshipping the moon since ancient times. "Autumn evening and evening moon" in the book of rites is worshipping the moon god, and Chaoshan people call it "worshipping the moon mother". It is said that the ugly woman of the ancient state of Qi had no salt. When she was a child, she worshipped the moon piously. When she grew up, she entered the palace with superior morality. Although she was not favored, on the 15th of August of a certain year, when the emperor was admiring the moon, he saw her in the moonlight and thought she was beautiful. So he made her queen. The Mid Autumn Festival worship of the moon came from this. The worship of the moon in Chaoshan area originates from the legend of "Chang'e running to the moon" and "broken Chai Weng" in the middle of the moon. Chang'e in the middle of the moon is famous for her beauty, so young girls worship the moon and wish to "look like Chang'e and face like the bright moon"; The woman in the waiting boudoir prays to the moon, hoping to marry a good husband; Especially in the past
There are many overseas Chinese in Chaoshan. Many women and their husbands are far away from each other. It is difficult to see each other for many years. They miss each other even more, so they use the moon to send their wishes.
When the Mid Autumn Festival is coming, housewives from all households are busy grinding glutinous rice into powder, then mixing it with white syrup, and then pressing them into the hollowed out parts with wooden buns. When pressed firmly and knocked out, they become "moon cakes" with different shapes and sizes. The pattern of "moon cake" is beautiful and white as snow, and some animal shaped moon cakes are even more beloved by children. There are also glutinous rice cakes made of white glutinous rice or red glutinous rice cakes with "bright rice" and peanuts, and then made into sickles, spoons, rice barrels, rice ears, etc., all of which imply a delicious harvest. In addition, there is a kind of "ground bean peach" that is fried with peanuts and squeezed into a peach shape with maltose, especially crispy.
When the night of March 5 comes and the jade rabbit rises to the East, people place the square table in the courtyard, the entrance to the courtyard or on the balcony. Then, they take two sugar cane and put an arch on the square table, which is called the moon palace gate. During the festival of the moon, children are often asked to provide newly bought stationery pens, textbooks and school bags, and pray for "moon mother" to bless the children with smart reading, excellent grades and future success. He also picked up a little incense ash, wrapped it carefully on red paper, and then served it with "water in the heart of the well" (water just drawn from the well, and the bucket can't touch the edge of the well when drawing water). He said that this is a "fairy pill" bestowed by the "moon mother". Drinking it can make people smart and healthy. Young girls will also put their own handicrafts on the moon to pray for their dexterity. Women will also put on newly bought cosmetics to worship the moon mother, hoping that they can be as beautiful as the moon mother. While the women were making arrangements for the worship, the men asked three or five friends to climb to the moon, put Chaoshan Gongfu tea sets on the balcony, light a fire, and enjoy tea and the moon. It was so relaxing. Chenghai County Chronicle records that on the Mid Autumn Festival, all people give moon cakes to each other. At the feast of appreciating the moon, you must eat cooked taro and peel off the taro, which is called "peeling ghost skin". People also predict the weather of Shangyuan Festival by whether it is sunny or dark this evening. The proverb says: "clouds cover the mid autumn moon, and rain sprinkles the Lantern Festival lantern."
2、 Taro to worship ancestors and eat taro
There is a proverb in Chaoshan: "rivers and streams are opposite to each other, and taros can eat them.". August is the harvest season of Taros, and farmers are used to using taros to worship their ancestors. Although this is related to farming, there is also a popular legend among the people: in 1279, the Mongolian nobles destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty and established the Yuan Dynasty, which ruled the Han people cruelly. Ma FA held Chaozhou to resist the Yuan Dynasty. After the city was broken, the people were slaughtered. In order not to forget the suffering of the rule of the Hu people, later generations took taro as a homonym for "Hu head" and shaped it like a human head to commemorate their ancestors. It has been passed down from generation to generation and still exists today.
3、 Burning tile tower
Burning earthen kilns (or "burning earthen pagodas") on the night of the Mid Autumn Festival is another custom in Chaoshan. The height of the tile kiln varies from 1 to 3 meters, and most of them are made of broken tiles. Large tile kilns are built with bricks to a certain height, and then stacked with tiles. A kiln entrance is reserved below the tile kiln for fuel injection. In recent years, the brick kilns built in some places are all made of brick strips. The height of the kiln is more than 3 meters, two or three stories high, which attracts people from all over the world to watch. Building and burning tile kilns are mainly men's and children's business, and women generally do not participate. Tile kilns are usually fired on the night of the Mid Autumn Festival. The fuels are firewood, bamboo, straw, rice husks, etc; When the tile kiln burns to a high fire, pine powder and salt can be poured into it to encourage the flame.
A few days before the Mid Autumn Festival, teenagers get busy, picking up broken tiles everywhere, accumulating dead branches, waste wood chips and blocks. In the afternoon of the Mid Autumn Festival, they begin to build tile towers. The size of the tower depends on the number of tiles accumulated and the age level of the participants. Children around 10 years old build small tile towers, which are generally only two or three feet high. youth
The scale of building is large. Because they are older, they will move tiles from all directions. Therefore, the pagodas built are often five or six feet to more than ten feet high. The tile towers are also laid in layers. The base of the big tile tower should be paved with red bricks or grey bricks, and then constructed in a "pin" shape. In order to make the tower body ventilated and beautiful, the large tile tower is often placed in a "pin" shape with two tiles together. There are two doors under the tower, one for putting fuel and the other for taking out wood ash. The upper end of the tower has an opening for spitting out fire tongues and flames. Most of the places where the pagodas are built are in the open courtyard and the square. Sometimes several pagodas are built in the same site. After the moon rose to the mid air, the vata began to burn. When the burning was fierce, the tiles were burned red and bright, and the flames at the mouth of the tower went straight to the sky. At this time, people scattered large amounts of coarse-grained sea salt into the tower. The vata made a crackling sound like firecrackers, then sprinkled sulfur, and set off a blue flame. It was very spectacular, attracting the masses to watch and appreciate. In some places, the burning of pagodas is also considered as a competition item. Those who build high, burn beautiful and prosperous pagodas will be awarded after being appraised by the masses.
It is said that the burning of tile kilns began in the late Yuan Dynasty. At that time, the people of the Central Plains could not bear the cruel rule of the ruling class of the Yuan Dynasty, so they agreed to burn a stack of smoke on the night of the Mid Autumn Festival as a signal of uprising. Since then, the custom of burning tile kilns on the Mid Autumn Festival has spread among the people, and some places still retain the custom of burning cigarette stacks. Because "tile" and "ant" are homonymous in Chao dialect, there is also a saying that "burning a tile kiln" can burn the ants of every household, and there will be no ants suffering in the coming year.
In addition, on the Mid Autumn Festival in Chaoshan area, there are customs such as "you Yue Niang" and "Luo AGU". Now, some customs have been eliminated, and some customs are not as popular as they used to be. However, customs such as setting up plans to enjoy the moon, asking the moon for wine, wishing distant relatives and celebrating a better life are still popular. Chaoshan Mid Autumn Festival custom is a beautiful life that Chaoshan people yearn for. It is of great significance to hold various activities with distinctive customs, immerse in regional customs, and endow them with rich folk characteristics to inspire people to love their hometown.
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