清明節的來歷英文介紹

清明節的來歷英文介紹

　　清明是我國的二十四節氣之一。關于清明節的來歷，你知道多少呢?下面yjbys小編就為大家收集了清明節的來歷英文介紹，更多內容敬請關注放假網。

　　The Origin of Qingming Festival（清明節來歷）

　　1.It dates back to the Zhou Dynasty and has a history of over 2500 years. Qingming is an important solar term at the beginning. As soon as Qingming arrives, the temperature rises, making it a great time for spring plowing and planting. Therefore, there are agricultural proverbs such as "Before and after Qingming, plant melons and beans" and "Planting trees and afforestation is better than Qingming". Later on, due to the close proximity of Qingming and Cold Food, which were the days when people prohibited fire and tomb sweeping. Gradually, Cold Food and Qingming became one, and Cold Food became both a nickname for Qingming and a custom during the Qingming season. On Qingming day, there were no fireworks and only cold food was eaten.

　　大約始于周代，已有二千五百多年的歷史。清明最開始是一個很重要的節氣，清明一到，氣溫升高，正是春耕春種的大好時節，故有“清明前后，種瓜種豆”“植樹造林，莫過清明”的農諺。后來，由于清明與寒食的日子接近，而寒食是民間禁火掃墓的日子，漸漸的，寒食與清明就合二為一了，而寒食既成為清明的別稱，也變成為清明時節的一個習俗，清明之日不動煙火，只吃涼的食品。

　　2.Qingming Festival originated in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, and is a traditional festival of the Han ethnic group in China. It is one of the 24 solar terms in China, and is celebrated around the 5th day of the fourth lunar month each year. After the Qingming Festival, there is an increase in rainfall, and the earth presents a picture of spring and scenery. At this time, all things in nature, whether it is the vegetation or the human body coexisting with nature, are "spitting out the old and embracing the new". They all replace the impurities of winter and welcome the breath of spring, achieving a transformation from yin to yang.

　　清明節起源于春秋戰國時代，是中國漢族的傳統節日，為中國二十四節氣之一，時間約在每年的陽歷4月5日前后。清明節后雨水增多，大地呈現春和景明之象。這一時節萬物“吐故納新”，無論是大自然中的植被，還是與自然共處的人體，都在此時換去冬天的污濁，迎來春天的氣息，實現由陰到陽的轉化。

　　There is a saying in ancient times that the day before the Qingming Festival was known as the "Cold Food Festival". It is said that it began during the Spring and Autumn period when Duke Wen of Jin mourned for Jie Zituis "cutting of his thigh to satisfy hunger", and gradually merged into one Qingming Cold Food Festival. The tomb sweeping date in the Tang Dynasty was generally during the Cold Food Festival, and after the Song Dynasty, it was moved to the Qingming Festival. Legend has it that the origin of the "Cold Food Festival" is in the central part of Shanxi Province, known as Jiexiu. The origin of Jiexiu was to commemorate Jiezi Tuis "cutting of the thigh to satisfy hunger" without seeking revenge, and he was ultimately burned down by a large fire here, resulting in the death of Mianshan, also known as "Jieshan". According to legend, after the Great Yu controlled the floods, people used the phrase "Qingming" to celebrate the end of the flood and the peace of the world. At this time, spring is warm and flowers are blooming, everything is reviving, and the sky is clear and the earth is bright. It is a good time for spring outings and outings. Spring outings began as early as the Tang Dynasty and have been a tradition throughout history. In addition to appreciating the natural scenery of lakes, mountains, and spring scenery, spring outings also carry out various cultural and entertainment activities to add fun to life.

　　古有清明前一天為“寒食節”之說，相傳起于春秋時期晉文公悼念介子推“割股充饑”一事，后逐漸清明寒食合而為一。唐代掃墓日期一般在寒食節，宋后移到清明。傳說中“寒食節”的起源地就在山西中部介休，介休一名的來歷即是為紀念介子推“割股充饑”而不圖為報，最終在此被大火燒山而亡，綿山也因此又稱“介山”。相傳大禹治水后，人們就用“清明”之語慶賀水患已除，天下太平。此時春暖花開，萬物復蘇，天清地明，正是春游踏青的好時節。踏青早在唐代就已開始，歷代承襲成為習慣。踏青除了欣賞大自然的湖光山色、春光美景之外，還開展各種文娛活動，增添生活情趣。

　　The Origin of Qingming Festival（清明節起源）

　　The origin of Qingming Festival is said to have originated from the ancient ritual of "tomb worship" by emperors and prime ministers. Later, people also followed suit and worshipped ancestors and swept tombs on this day, which has been a fixed custom of the Chinese nation throughout history. Originally, Cold Food Festival and Qingming Festival were two different festivals. In the Tang Dynasty, the day of worshipping and sweeping graves was designated as Cold Food Festival. The correct day for the Cold Food Festival is 105 days after the winter solstice, around the time of Qingming. As the two days are similar, Qingming and Cold Food are merged into one day.

　　清明節的起源，據傳始于古代帝王將相“墓祭”之禮，后來民間亦相仿效，于此日祭祖掃墓，歷代沿襲而成為中華民族一種固定的風俗。本來，寒食節與清明節是兩個不同的節日，到了唐朝，將祭拜掃墓的日子定為寒食節。寒食節的正確日子是在冬至后一百零五天，約在清明前后，因兩者日子相近，所以便將清明與寒食合并為一日。

　　The custom of worshipping ancestors and sweeping graves in front of graves has a long history in China. As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, tombs were highly valued. During the Eastern Zhou and Warring States periods, the "Mencius Qi Ren Pian" also mentioned a person from Qi who was often ridiculed. He often went to the Dongguo Tomb to beg for food and offer sacrifices to the tomb, indicating that the trend of tomb sweeping was very popular during the Warring States period. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, a decree was issued to designate cold food tomb sweeping as one of the "Five Rites" at that time. Therefore, every Qingming Festival arrived, "the fields and roads were filled with scholars and women, and the servants and beggars of the soap province all had their parents pay homage to the tomb." (Liu Zongyuans "Letter to Xu Jingzhao") Tomb sweeping became an important social custom. According to the "Biography of Yan Yannian" in the Book of Han, even if Yan was thousands of miles away from the capital, he would "return to the East China Sea to sweep graves" during the Qingming Festival. From the perspective of the development and strengthening of Chinese ancestor worship and kinship consciousness, Yan Yannians actions are reasonable and reasonable. Therefore, in later generations, tomb sacrifices that were not standardized in ancient times were also included in the Five Rites: "For families of scholars and commoners, it is advisable to go to the tomb and incorporate it into the Five Rites, which will always be the norm." With official recognition, the trend of tomb sacrifices will inevitably flourish.

　　在墓前祭祖掃墓，這個習俗在中國起源甚早。早在西周時對墓葬就十分重視。東周戰國時代《孟子·齊人篇》也曾提及一個為人所恥笑的齊國人，常到東郭墳墓同乞食祭墓的祭品，可見戰國時代掃墓之風氣十分盛行。到了唐玄宗時，下詔定寒食掃墓為當時“五禮”之一，因此每逢清明節來到，“田野道路，士女遍滿，皂隸傭丐，皆得父母丘墓。”（柳宗元《與許京兆書》）掃墓遂成為社會重要風俗。《漢書·嚴延年傳》載，嚴氏即使離京千里也要在清明“還歸東海掃墓地”。就中國人祖先崇拜和親族意識的發達、強固來看，嚴延年的舉動是合情合理的。因此后世把上古沒有納入規范的墓祭也歸入五禮之中：“士庶之家，宜許上墓，編入五禮，永為常式�！钡玫焦俜降恼J可，墓祭之風必然大盛。

　　The Qingming Festival has a history of over 2500 years. In ancient times, it was also known as the Spring Festival, March Festival, Ancestor Worship Festival, Tomb Sweeping Festival, Ghost Festival, and so on. It is also known as the three famous "Ghost Festivals" in China, along with the Zhongyuan Festival Festival on the 15th of July and the Hanyi Festival on the 1st of October. The Qingming Festival falls around the fifth day of the fourth lunar month and is one of the twenty-four solar terms. Among the 24 solar terms, the only one that is both a solar term and a festival is Qingming.

　　清明節已有2500多年歷史，古時又叫踏青節、三月節、祭祖節、掃墓節、掃墳節、鬼節等。它與七月十五的中元節、十月初一的寒衣節，并稱為中國三大著名“鬼節”。公歷四月五日前后為清明節，是二十四節氣之一。在二十四個節氣中，既是節氣又是節日的只有清明。

　　On May 20, 2006, the Qingming Festival declared by the Ministry of Culture of the Peoples Republic of China was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

　　2006年5月20日，中華人民共和國文化部申報的清明節經國務院批準列入第一批國家級非物質文化遺產名錄。

　　Stories and legends of Qingming Festival（清明節故事傳說）

　　When it comes to "Qingming" and "Cold Food", people often mention Jiezi Tui. In fact, in China, there are usually customs first, followed by legends. Legend has it that "Qingming" and "Cold Food" were established by Duke Wen of Jin during the Spring and Autumn period to commemorate Jie Zitui. Duke Wen of Jin designated the day when Jie Zitui died in a great fire in Mianshan as the "Cold Food Festival", and also designated the day after the Cold Food Festival as the "Qingming Festival". In the Quwo area where Duke Wen of Jin was located, the Cold Food Festival is already full of spring, while in higher dimensional areas, spring has not yet arrived. The most important thing for the Cold Food Festival is to cut off the fire, because fire cannot be used, so people can only eat cold rice. In literary works, there are indeed records of Jie Zituis character, but in historical books such as Zuo Zhuan and Shi Ji, there is no scene of Jie Zitui being burned to death on a mountain. Moreover, the origin of the Cold Food Festival dates back to the commemoration of Jie Zitui, and this statement was not recorded until the turn of the Han Dynasty (as seen in Huan Tans "New Treatise"). Many scholars believe that this was created by later generations to explain the association with the Cold Food Festival. According to research, the origin of Qingming Festival is actually unrelated to Jiezi Tui.

　　提到“清明”、“寒食”，人們往往提及介子推。事實上，在中國，一般都是先有節俗，后有傳說。傳說“清明”、“寒食”是春秋時期晉文公為了紀念介子推而設，晉文公將介子推在大火燒綿山死了這一天定為“寒食節”，又把寒食節的后一天定為“清明節”。晉文公所在的曲沃一帶，寒食節已經春意盎然，而維度更高的地方，春天還未到來。寒食節最重要的就是斷火，因為不能用火，所以人們只能吃冷飯。 在文獻作品中，確有介子推其人的記載，但在《左傳》、《史記》等史書的記載中，并沒有介子推被焚山而死的情節。并且，寒食節起源于紀念介子推，這一說法最早也要到兩漢之交才有記載（見于桓譚《新論》）。許多學者認為這是后人為了解釋寒食節附會而來。據考，清明節的起源其實與介子推無關。

　　Qingming, as a spring festival, was already established before the Zhou Dynasty. China has a vast territory, with different customs in the north and south during the pre Qin period. The literature mainly records the northern customs. The Tang Dynasty was a period of fusion of tomb worship customs in various regions, and since then, the tomb worship customs of the Qingming Festival have gradually appeared in the literature. In the historical development and evolution, traditional festivals are often associated with a legend as their "origin", but in actual examination, these claims are far later than the birth of festivals.

　　清明作為一個春祭大節，遠在周代之前已經確定。中國地域遼闊，先秦時期南北風俗各異，文獻上主要記載北俗，唐代是各地墓祭風俗融合時期，此后清明節的墓祭節俗漸出現于文獻上。在歷史發展演變中傳統節日大多會被附會一個傳說作為“起源”，但實際考察，這些說法遠遠晚于節日誕生。

　　Traditional customs of Qingming Festival（清明節傳統習俗）

　　1.Tomb sweeping and ancestor worship

　　掃墓祭祖

　　In Chinese history, the prohibition of cold food and fire, the worship of ancestors, and the Tomb Sweeping and Ancestral Worship during the Qingming Festival have become continuous customs and traditions.In todays society, people still have the custom of going to the grave to pay respects to their ancestors before and after the Qingming Festival: uprooting weeds, placing offerings, offering incense and prayers in front of the grave, burning paper money and gold ingots, or simply offering a bouquet of flowers to express their remembrance of their ancestors.

　　中國歷史上，寒食禁火，祭奠先人，清明節掃墓祭祖成了此后持續不斷的風俗傳統。就是到了今天的社會，人們在清明節前后仍有上墳掃墓祭祖的習俗：鏟除雜草，放上供品，于墳前上香禱祝，燃紙錢金錠，或簡單地獻上一束鮮花，以寄托對先人的懷念。

　　2.Swinging on a swing

　　蕩秋千

　　This is the custom of Qingming Festival in ancient China.Swing, meaning to move by gripping a leather rope.Its history is very ancient.It was originally called Qianqiu, but later changed to a swing to avoid taboos.In ancient times, swings were often made from tree branches and tied with colored ribbons.Later, it gradually developed into a swing using two ropes and pedals.Swinging not only enhances health, but also cultivates a spirit of bravery, which is still loved by people, especially children.

　　這是我國古代清明節習俗。秋千，意即揪著皮繩而遷移。它的歷史很古老，最早叫千秋，后為了避忌諱，改為秋千。古時的秋千多用樹椏枝為架，再拴上彩帶做成。后來逐步發展為用兩根繩索加上踏板的秋千。蕩秋千不僅可以增進健康，而且可以培養勇敢精神，至今為人們特別是兒童所喜愛。

　　3.Cuju

　　蹴鞠

　　Ju is a type of leather ball, with a leather skin and stuffed with fur inside.Cuju is playing football with your feet.This is a game that people loved during the ancient Qingming Festival.According to legend, it was invented by the Yellow Emperor with the original purpose of training warriors.

　　鞠是一種皮球，球皮用皮革做成，球內用毛塞緊。蹴鞠，就是用足去踢球。這是古代清明節時人們喜愛的一種游戲。相傳是黃帝發明的，最初目的是用來訓練武士。

　　4.Sheliu

　　射柳

　　Shooting willows is a game where players practice archery skills.According to records from the Ming Dynasty, pigeons were placed in gourds, then hung high on willow trees, bent bows and shot at the gourds, and the pigeons flew out.The winner was determined by the height of the flying pigeons.

　　射柳是一種練習射箭技巧的游戲。據明朝人的記載，就是將鴿子放在葫蘆里，然后將葫蘆高掛于柳樹上，彎弓射中葫蘆，鴿子飛出，以飛鴿飛的高度來判定勝負。

　　5.Cock fighting

　　斗雞

　　During the ancient Qingming Festival, cockfighting games were popular, starting from the Qingming Festival and continuing until the summer solstice.The earliest record of cockfighting in our country can be found in the Zuo Zhuan.In the Tang Dynasty, cockfighting became popular, not only among the common people Cock fighting, even the emperor participates in it.Emperor Xuanzong of Tang was most fond of cockfighting.

　　古代清明盛行斗雞游戲，斗雞由清明開始，斗到夏至為止。我國最早的斗雞記錄，見于《左傳》。到了唐代，斗雞成風，不僅是民間斗雞，連皇上也參加斗雞。如唐玄宗最喜斗雞。

　　6.Silkworm Flower Festival

　　蠶花會

　　"Silkworm Blossom Fair" is a unique folk culture in Silkworm Village.In the past, during the Tomb sweeping Day, wutong, Wuzhen, Chongfu, Zhouquan and other places had this folk activity.Every year, the Silkworm Flower Festival is bustling with people and frequent activities, including welcoming the Silkworm God, shaking the fast boat, disturbing the stage and pavilion, worshipping incense stools, boxing, dragon lanterns, raising high poles, singing opera texts, and more than ten other activities.Some of these activities are conducted on shore, while the vast majority are carried out on boats, which is highly characteristic of water towns.

　　“蠶花會”是蠶鄉一種特有的民俗文化，過去清明節期間，梧桐、烏鎮、崇福、洲泉等地都有此項民俗活動。每年蠶花會人山人海，活動頻繁，有迎蠶神、搖快船、鬧臺閣、拜香凳、打拳、龍燈、翹高竿、唱戲文等十多項活動。這些活動有的在岸上進行，絕大多數在船上進行，極具水鄉特色。

　　7.Tug of war

　　拔河

　　In the early days, it was called "tug of war" or "strong hook", and in the Tang Dynasty it was called "tug of war".It was invented in the late Spring and Autumn period, became popular in the military, and later spread among the people.During Tang Xuanzongs reign, a large-scale tug of war competition was held during the Qingming Festival.Since then, tug of war has become a part of the Qingming customs.

　　早期叫“牽鉤”“鉤強”，唐朝始叫“拔河”。它發明于春秋后期，開始盛行于軍中，后來流傳于民間。唐玄宗時曾在清明節舉行大規模的拔河比賽。從那時起，拔河成為清明習俗的一部分。

　　8.Spring outing

　　踏青

　　During the Qingming Festival, spring returns to the earth, and the natural world presents a vibrant scene everywhere, making it a great time for outings.The Chinese people have long maintained the habit of Qingming outings.

　　清明時節，春回大地，自然界到處呈現一派生機勃勃的景象，正是郊游的大好時光。我國民間長期保持著清明踏青的習慣。

　　9.Flying kites

　　放風箏

　　Flying kites during the Qingming Festival is a popular custom.In the eyes of the ancients, flying kites was not only a recreational activity, but also a form of witchcraft: they believed that flying kites could release their own filth.So many people fly kites during the Qingming Festival and write down all the disasters they know on the paper kites.When the kite flies high, they cut off the kite string and let the paper kites fly away with the wind, symbolizing that their illness and filth have been taken away by the kite.

　　清明放風箏是普遍流行的習俗。在古人那里，放風箏不但是一種游藝活動，而且是一種巫術行為：他們認為放風箏可以放走自己的穢氣。所以很多人在清明節放風箏時，將自己知道的所有災病都寫在紙鳶上，等風箏放高時，就剪斷風箏線，讓紙鳶隨風飄逝，象征著自己的疾病、穢氣都讓風箏帶走了。

　　10.Tree planting

　　植樹

　　Before and after the Qingming Festival, spring sunshine shines and spring rain falls.Planting seedlings has a high survival rate and grows quickly.Therefore, since ancient times, China has had the habit of planting trees during the Qingming Festival.Some people also call Qingming Festival "Arbor Day".The custom of planting trees has been passed down to this day.

　　清明前后，春陽照臨，春雨飛灑，種植樹苗成活率高，成長快。因此，自古以來，我國就有清明植樹的習慣。有人還把清明節叫做“植樹節”。植樹風俗一直流傳至今。

　　Food customs（食俗）

　　Youth League

　　青團

　　The green plant pulp is usually mixed into the glutinous rice dough, and most of the green rice dough on the market is colored with wheat green juice. Wheat green juice is extracted from winter wheat, mixed with water milled glutinous rice flour, kneaded into balls, wrapped with various sweet and salty fillings, and steamed in steamers. When released from the cage, a layer of oil is applied to the green dough, which has a bright color and a faint aroma of mugwort. The taste is sticky and soft. Qingtuan was originally a traditional specialty snack eaten during the Qingming Festival in the south, but in recent years, Qingtuan has gradually become popular in the north. Every Qingming Festival, green dumplings filled with filling awaken peoples taste buds with the scent of spring.

　　青團一般將綠色植物漿汁揉入糯米粉團，而市面上大多青團都以麥青汁上色。麥青汁是將冬小麥榨出汁液，與水磨糯米粉攪勻拌和，再將其揉制成一個個圓團，包入各種甜咸餡料，上蒸籠蒸熟。出籠時，青團上再刷上一層油，色澤透亮，帶著淡淡的艾草香味，吃起來口感又糯又軟。青團原本是南方在清明節吃的一種傳統特色小吃，但近年來，青團也逐漸在北方流行開來。每到清明，一個個包著滿滿餡料的碧綠團子，帶著春天的味道喚醒了人們的味蕾。

　　Cold eating swallow

　　寒食燕

　　Cold Food Swallow, also known as Zitui Swallow, is a seasonal food during the Qingming Festival in Shanxi Province. It is made by mixing jujube paste with flour and kneading it into the shape of a swallow to commemorate the sage Jie Zitui of the Jin Dynasty.

　　寒食燕，也稱子推燕，是山西地方寒食清明時的節令食品，用棗泥與面粉調和，捏成燕子形狀，以紀念晉國先賢介子推。

　　Black rice

　　黑飯

　　In the southern region, a special type of black rice is eaten. In the Ming Dynasty, in Hangzhou, monks and Taoist priests used Yangtong leaves to dye rice, which was called Qingjing rice to give back to the donor. It was called Qingci black rice. Due to the different ingredients and flavors used in Qingming meals, they can be used as Dim sum or as gifts to relatives and friends, especially children.

　　南方地區會吃一種特制的黑飯，明代杭州，“僧道采楊桐葉染飯，謂之青精飯，以饋施主”，稱為“青糍黑飯”。各地清明飯因所用藥料不同，風味各異，可作點心，亦可饋贈親友，尤為兒童喜愛。

　　Rat Qukuo

　　鼠曲粿

　　Rat Qukuo is a green pastry made from glutinous rice. The reason it is called Rat Qukuo is because its ingredients include a herbaceous plant called Rat Qukuo grass (Rat Qukuo grass). Sage grass is a common plant in southern China. Except for the Chaoshan area in Guangdong, it is also used as food in Jiangnan, Fujian, and other places. On the Qingming Festival every year, in addition to the green dough made from mugwort skin, the combination of sage grass and glutinous rice skin is also a popular choice for many people.

　　鼠曲粿是用糯米做成的一種綠色的小糕點，之所以叫鼠曲粿，是因為它的制作原料中有一種草本植物——鼠麴草（鼠曲草）。鼠曲草這種植物，在我國南方比較常見，除了廣東潮汕地區，在江南、福建等地，都會拿來做食物。每年清明節，除了用艾草皮做成的青團外，鼠曲草混合糯米做皮，也是不少人的選擇。

　　Introduction to Qingming Festival（清明節介紹）

　　The lunar calendar has 24 fixed festivals every year. Among the 24 solar terms, Qingming is the only one that is both a solar term and a festival. The name of Qingming Festival is related to the characteristics of weather and climate at this time. "Huainanzi astronomy training" in the Western Han Dynasty said: "on the 15th day after the spring equinox, fighting finger B will bring the Qingming wind." "Qingming wind" is a fresh, clear and clean wind. "A hundred questions at the age of ten" says that "when all things grow, they are clean and clear. Therefore, it is called Qingming."

　　Although the Qingming Festival, as a festival, was formed in the Tang Dynasty, the Qingming solar term, as a timing symbol, has long been recognized by the ancients, and has been clearly recorded in the Han Dynasty.

　　農歷每年有24個固定的節日。在二十四節氣中，清明是唯一一個既是節氣又是節日的節氣。清明節的名稱與此時的天氣和氣候特點有關。西漢《淮南子·天文訓》說：“春分后十五日，斗乙指會帶來清明之風。”“清明之風”是清新、清澈、潔凈的風�！妒畾q百問》說“萬物生長，皆潔而清。故曰清明�！�

　　清明節作為一種節日，雖然形成于唐代，但清明節氣作為一種時間符號，早就被古人所認可，在漢代就有明確的記載。

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