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      1. 常用臨床醫學英文術語

        時間:2023-02-27 20:12:11 職業英語 我要投稿
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        常用臨床醫學英文術語

          臨床醫學是研究疾病的病因、診斷、治療和預后,提高臨床治療水平,促進人體健康的科學。接下來小編為大家整理常用臨床醫學術語中英對照,希望對你有幫助。

          diseases 疾病

          acute diseases 急性病

          advanced diseases 病沉重期,晚期疾病

          chronic diseases慢性病

          communicable diseases 傳染病

          complicating diseases 并發病

          congenital diseases 先天性疾病

          acquired diseases 后天性疾病

          contagious diseases接觸性傳染病

          endemic diseases 地方病

          epidemic diseases 流行病

          functional diseases 機能病、官能病

          infectious diseases 傳染病

          inherited diseases 遺傳病

          malignant diseases惡性病

          nutritional diseases 營養病

          occupation diseases 職業病

          organic diseases 器質性病

          paroxysmal diseases 陣發性病

          periodical diseases 周期病

          primary(principal)diseases原發(主導)病

          secondary diseases 繼發病

          sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病

          terminal diseases 絕癥

          wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主訴

          clinical manifestation 臨床表現

          delivery history 分娩史

          etiology病因學

          family history 家族史

          history, medical history 病史

          precipitating(induced)誘因

          marital status婚姻狀況

          menstrual history 月經史

          menarche 初潮

          menopause閉經

          past history既往史

          pathogenesis 發病機制

          personal history 個人史symptoms 癥狀

          cardinal symptom 主要癥狀

          classical symptom 典型癥狀

          concomitant symptom 伴發癥狀

          constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身癥狀

          indirect symptom 間接癥狀

          induced symptom 誘發癥狀

          local symptom 局部癥狀

          mental symptom精神癥狀

          symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 綜合癥,癥候群

          signs體征

          antecedent 前驅征

          assident (accessory) 副征

          commemorative 后遺癥

          sign of death 死征

          diagnostic診斷征

          sign of disease 病征

          subjective 自覺征,主觀征

          vein sign靜脈征vital sign 生命體征

          body length (height of the body) 身高

          body weight 體重

          barrel chest 桶狀胸

          cachexia 惡病質

          compulsive position 被動體位

          critical facies 病危面容

          emaciation 消瘦

          enophthalmos 眼球下陷

          entropion 瞼內翻

          exophthalmos 眼球突出

          flushed face 面色潮紅

          gain (loss) in weight 增加(減輕)體重

          lock-jaw 牙關緊閉

          lordosis 脊柱前凸 醫.學教育網整理

          nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇動

          nystagmus 眼震

          obesity 肥胖

          pallor 蒼白

          scolisis 脊柱側凸

          agitation 焦急不安

          debility, weakness 虛弱

          diaphoresis 出汗,大量出汗

          dizziness, vertigo 眩暈

          lassitude, fatigue 無力,倦怠

          malaise 不適

          night sweat 盜汗

          numbness 麻木

          rigor, chill 寒冷,發冷

          perspiration, sweating 出汗

          pruritus, itching 癢,

          somasthenia 軀體無力

          tingling 麻刺感abscess 膿腫

          acidosis 酸中毒

          adhesion 粘連

          alkalosis 堿中毒

          allergy 過敏

          coagulation defect 凝血不良

          congestion 充血

          dehydration 脫水

          distention 膨脹

          edema 水腫

          embolism 栓塞,栓塞形成

          fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水電解質紊亂

          gangrene 壞疽

          hematoma 血腫

          hemorrhage, bleeding 出血

          infarction 梗塞,梗死

          infection 傳染

          inflammation 炎癥

          ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒

          metastasis 轉移

          perforation 穿孔

          necrosis 壞死

          shock 休克

          response 反應,應答

          reaction 反應,感應

          thrombosis 血栓形成

          ulceration 潰瘍fever, pyrexia 發燒,發熱

          continuous fever 稽留熱

          intermittent fever 間歇熱

          low-grade fever 低熱

          remittent fever 馳張熱

          relapsing fever 回歸熱pain 痛

          burning pain 灼痛

          chest(flank,…) pain 胸(脅腹…)痛

          cramp-like pain 痙攣性痛

          dull, diffused pain 彌漫性鈍痛

          pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛

          radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina 絞痛

          cardiac angina 心絞痛

          backache 背痛

          colic 絞痛,急腹痛

          earache 耳痛

          headache 頭痛

          neuralgia 神經痛

          migraine 偏頭痛

          rebound tenderness 反跳痛

          somatalgia 軀體痛

          sore throat 咽喉痛

          stomachache 胃痛

          toothache 牙痛

          bloody sputum 帶血的痰

          cough 咳嗽

          dry cough 干咳

          expectoration 咳痰

          expectoration of blood 咳血

          hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧

          apnea 呼吸暫停,窒息

          asthma 氣喘,哮喘

          Cheyne Stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸,潮式呼吸

          dyspnea 呼吸困難

          hyperpnea hyperventilation 過度呼吸,換氣過度

          hypopnea 呼吸不全, 呼吸淺表

          hypoxia 低氧,缺氧

          orthopnea 端坐呼吸

          respiratory arrest 呼吸停止

          suffocation 窒息

          tachypnea 呼吸急促

          fetid breath 口臭

          fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常,心律不齊

          atelectasis 肺不張,肺膨脹不全

          cardiac arrest 心搏驟停

          cardiac hypertrophy 心臟肥大

          cyanosis 發紺,青紫

          distension of jugular vein 頸靜脈怒張

          extrasystole 期外收縮

          gallop rhythm 奔馬律

          hemopleura 血胸

          hepatojugular reflux 肝頸靜脈回流

          hypovolemia (循環)血容量減少

          palpitation 心悸

          tachycardia 心動過速

          pneumothorax 氣胸

          thrill 震顫

          absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失

          dull sound 濁音

          hyperresonant 鼓音

          rale 啰音

          rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音,干啰音

          wheeze 哮鳴音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振,厭食

          dysphagia 吞咽困難

          eructation 噯氣

          belching 噯氣

          flatulence 氣脹

          flatus 腸胃氣,屁

          gaseous distention 胃脹氣

          hematemesis 嘔血

          hiccough, hiccup 打呃,呃逆

          nausea 惡心

          pyrosis 胃灼熱

          regurgitation 反胃,回流

          thirsty 口渴

          vomiting 嘔吐

          anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂

          ascites 腹水

          board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板狀腹

          decreased tactile fremitus 觸覺性震顫減弱

          exophageal varices 食管靜脈曲張

          fistula 瘺,瘺管

          hemorrhoid 痔

          hernia 疝

          hepatomegaly 肝腫大

          intussusception 腸套疊

          jaundice 黃疸

          muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌衛

          peristalsis 蠕動

          loss of peristalsis 蠕動消失

          mass peristalsis 總蠕動

          retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕動

          prolapse 脫垂

          prolapse of anus 脫肛

          rectal prolapse 直腸脫垂,脫肛

          volvulus 腸扭轉calculus 結石, 石

          biliary calculus 膽結石

          vesical calculus 膀胱結石constipation 便秘

          defecation 排便

          diarrhea 腹瀉

          incontinence of feces 大便失禁

          hematochezia 便血

          fecal impaction 大便嵌塞

          occult blood 潛血

          painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牽動

          clay colored stools 陶土色便

          dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡樣嘔吐物

          fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 嘔糞,吐糞

          foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 惡臭脂肪便,脂肪痢

          scanty and hard stools 便少而硬

          tarry (black) stools 柏油樣便anuria 無尿

          burning sensation no urination 排尿時的灼燒感

          dysurea 排尿困難,尿痛

          enuresis, bed wetting 遺尿

          frequency of urination 尿頻

          micturation 排尿

          uresis, urination, voiding 排尿

          nocturia 夜尿

          oliguria 少尿

          polyuria 多尿

          tenesmus 里急后重

          vesical tenesmus 排尿時里急后重

          uremia coma 尿毒癥昏迷

          urgency of urination 尿急

          urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿

          chyluria 乳糜尿

          cylindruia 管型尿

          glycosuria 糖尿

          hematuria 血尿

          ketonuria 酮尿

          pneumatinuria 氣尿

          proteinuria 蛋白尿

          pyuria 膿尿amenorrhea 經閉,無月經

          dysmenorrhea 痛經

          menorrhagia 月經過多

          lochia 惡露

          menorrhea 行經,月經過多

          menstruation 月經

          uterine contraction 子宮收縮blotch 斑點

          bruise 挫傷,青腫

          acne 痤瘡,粉刺

          desquamation 脫皮,脫屑

          ecchymosis 瘀斑

          loss of skin turgor 失去皮膚充盈

          nevus 痣

          papule 丘疹

          petechia 瘀點,瘀斑

          pigmentation 色素沉著

          pustule 膿皰

          purpura 紫癲

          red nodule 紅結節

          roseola 玫瑰疹

          scar 傷疤

          senile plaque 老人斑

          spider anaioma 蛛形痣

          subcutaneous nodule 皮下結節

          urticaria 蕁麻疹

          vesicle 小水皰

          vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明

          blurred vision, visual disturbance 視力模糊

          impaired vision 視力下降

          lacrimation 流淚

          papilledema 視神經乳頭水腫

          photophobia 畏光,羞明

          retinal detachment 視網膜脫離deafness 聾

          hearing loss 聽力喪失

          tinnitus 耳鳴

          epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血

          impaired smelling 嗅覺障礙

          nasal discharge 鼻涕

          nasal obstruction 鼻塞

          sneeze 噴嚏

          snore 打鼾

          aphonia, loss of voice 失音癥

          hoarseness 嘶啞

          gum bleeding 齒齦出血

          herpes labialis 唇皰疹,感冒瘡

          Koplik‘s spots 科普利克斑

          lead line of the gum 齦鉛線

          salivation, drooling 流口水

          straw-berry tongue 草莓舌

          tremulous tongue 舌震顫atrophy 萎縮

          contracture 攣縮

          deformity 畸形,變形

          dislocation 脫位

          fracture 骨折

          closed (simple)fracture 無創骨折,單純性骨折

          comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折

          compound fracture 哆開(開放性)骨折

          knock-knee 膝外翻

          opisthotonos 角弓反張

          prosthesis 假體

          spasm 痙攣

          tetany (肌)強直,手足抽搦

          wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失語

          ataxia 共濟失調

          coma 昏迷

          consciousness 知覺,意識

          convulsion 抽搐,驚厥

          delirium 譫妄

          delusion 妄想

          faint 昏厥

          hallucination 幻覺

          hemiplegia 偏癱

          increased intracranial pressure 顱內壓增高

          insanity 精神錯亂

          loss of orientation 定向喪失

          mania 躁狂

          memory defects, amnesia 記憶缺損,遺忘癥

          paraplegia 截癱,下身麻痹

          projectile vomiting 噴射性嘔吐

          somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡,嗜睡

          stupor 木僵,昏呆

          tetraplegia 四肢癱瘓

          unconsciousness 失去知覺

          yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象

          cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……) crisis

          腦(熱、血性、溶血、高血壓、甲狀腺中毒…)危象

          failure 衰竭,故障

          central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure

          中樞(循環、心力、心肌、周圍循環、充血性、腎、呼吸…)衰竭diagnosis診斷

          auscultation 聽診

          inspection 視診

          palpation觸診

          percussion 叩診

          laboratory examination 實驗室檢查

          physical examination 體格檢查

          rectal (vaginal) touch 直腸(陰道)指診

          impression 印象

          tentative diagnosis 暫定診斷

          differential diagnosis 鑒別診斷

          final diagnosis 最后診斷

          prognosis 預后

          prescription 處方

          incubation (latent) period 潛伏期

          prodromal stage 前驅期

          incipient stage 初期

          quiescent stage 靜止期

          alleviation 減輕,緩和

          remission 緩解

          attack 發作

          convalescence (recovery) stage 恢復期

          rehabilitation 康復

          relapse 復發

          sudden death 猝死

          moribund 瀕死的

          course of the disease 病程

          course of the treatment 療程

          indication 適應癥,指征

          complication 并發癥

          contraindication 禁忌癥

          side-effect 副作用

          sequel (sequela), after effect 后遺癥

          therapies 治療方法

          acupuncture therapy 針刺療法

          block therapy 封閉療法

          chemical therpy (chemo-therapy) 化學療法

          combined therapy 綜合療法

          conservative therapy 保守療法

          constitutional therapy 全身療法

          dietetic therapy 飲食療法

          operative treatment 手術療法

          palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息療法

          physical therapy 物理療法

          psychotherapy 精神療法

          radical treatment 根治

          radio-therapy 放射性療法

          supporting treatment 支持療法

          symptomatic treatment對癥療法

          cardiac massage 心臟按摩

          cardiac pacing 心臟起博

          electrotherapy 電療法

          electroshock treatment 電休克療法

          hemodialysis 血液透析

          hyperbaric therapy 高壓氧療法

          insulin-shock treatment 胰島素休克療法

          light therapy 光療法

          therapeutic gymnastics 醫療體育

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