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      1. 職稱英語詞匯記憶的六大技巧

        時間:2023-03-04 09:09:07 職稱英語 我要投稿
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        職稱英語詞匯記憶的六大技巧

          記憶單詞不能光靠埋頭看書背誦,掌握一些技巧,才能使你更加有效的去記憶單詞,下面就和小編一起來看看有哪些技巧可以幫助我們記憶單詞吧!

        職稱英語詞匯記憶的六大技巧

          一、結合記憶法

          將比較生疏,不常用的單詞放入一定的語言環境——句子中,結合句意來記憶單詞。遇到此單詞時,若詞義忘記,則可通過回憶所在句子的意思來記憶單詞。例如:

          slope

          n. ①傾斜;坡度;斜度

          there is always a certain slope in a ship’s deck. 船的甲板總有幾分傾斜。

         、谛泵;斜坡

          we climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我們爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。

          vi. 傾斜。

          the railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 鐵路在此處有輕微的傾斜。

          critical

          adj. ①批評(性)的,吹毛求疵的

          i don’t like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜歡對每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。

         、诰o要的,關鍵的;危急的

          his condition is reported as being very critical. 據報告他的情況非常危急。

          通過此法來掌握詞匯,既有助于記住單詞本身的拼寫、拼讀,又可同時熟悉詞的詞義、詞性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背記單詞效果要好。

          二、同類記憶法

          將同類詞匯收集在一起,同時背記。注意,同類詞匯與同義詞不同:同義詞是指意思相同,而同類詞是指基本屬性相同、具體意義的層次,級別或范圍不同的一類詞匯。

          如headmaster和principal是同義詞,都表示,“中小學校長”;president和chancellor是同義詞,都表示大專院校“校長”。這兩組詞是同類詞匯,都表示“校長”,但具體級別不同,所以兩組詞不是同義詞。

          再如bachelor(學士)、master(碩士),doctor (博士)三個詞都表示學位授予的情況,但具體級別不同,所以這三個詞也是一組同類詞匯。

          這樣,將同類詞匯放在一起記憶,當遇到其中一個詞時,頭腦中出現的就是一組詞,效率大大提高了。

          三、比較記憶法

          把同義詞或形似詞放在一起,加以區別。記憶的過程是一組組,一對對單詞同時記憶。職稱英語中有很大一部分都是對同義詞或近義詞的考察,需要平時進行記憶和積累。

          例題1:the researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.(2004年職稱英語衛生類c級)

          a. started

          b. finished

          c. changed

          d. made

          答案:b

          例題2:michael is now merely a good friend.(2004年職稱英語衛生類c級)

          a. largely

          b. possibly

          c. just

          d. rarely

          答案:c

          merely/ only/ just

          四、構詞法記憶法

          通過掌握構詞法來記憶單詞。英語主要有三種構詞法:

          1)轉化,即由一個詞類轉化為另一個詞類。例如:

          picture (n)畫-picture (v)描繪

          water (n)水-water (v)澆水

          例題1: he has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. (2003年職稱英語衛生類c級)

          a. behavior

          b. style

          c. mode

          d. attitude

          答案:a

          解釋:

          conduct (v.)引導,管理,為人,傳導

          conduct (n.)操守,行為

          conductor (n.)列車員,售票員,指揮者,導體等

          semi-conductor 半導體

          例題2:the ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年職稱英語衛生類c級)

          a. suffer

          b. accept

          c. receive

          d. endure

          答案:d

          解釋:

          bear (n.)熊

          bear (v.)負擔, 忍受, 帶給, 具有, 擠

          2)派生,即通過加前綴或后綴構成另一個詞,例如:

          happy→ unhappy(加前綴) happiness(加后綴)

          例題1: the workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年職稱英語衛生類c級)

          a. promote

          b. paint

          c. polish

          d. produce

          答案:d

          例題2: even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年職稱英語衛生類c級)

          a. mental

          b. physical

          c. natural

          d. hard

          答案:b

          man-, manu- =hand

          manage(管理), manual(體力的,手冊), manuscript(手寫稿), manufacture(生產), manumit(釋放)

          例題3:about one million americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年職稱英語衛生類c級)

          a. every year

          b. severely

          c. actively

          d. every month

          答案:a

          ann= year

          anniversaire (french)

          anniversary, annals(編年史), annuity(年金)

          3)合成,即由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。例如:

          wood(木) cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)

          pea(豌豆) nuts(堅果)→ peanut(花生)

          例題1: in the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. (2003年職稱英語衛生類c級)

          a. judgement

          b. result

          c. decision

          d. event

          答案:b

          五、根義記憶法

          利用根義代替記憶多義,可以解決“沒有生詞”卻老讀不懂的問題。

          比如要問immediate(ly)是否已記住,回答當然是肯定的。那么就請看下面三個“沒有生詞”的片段:

          a) the woman walks immediately behind the car.

          b) she is my immediate neighbor.

          c) the immediate cause

          若沒有讀懂,那么就請看immediate(ly)根義

          中間沒有間隔(地)

          1)(時間)立刻;

          2)(空間)緊挨,通接,緊跟,

          3)(關系)直接

          例題1:he will leave immediately.

          a. far away

          b. right away

          c. right here

          d. soon

          答案:b

          例題2:can you follow the plot?

          a. change

          b. investigate

          c. understand

          d. write

          答案:c

          請看下面幾句中的follow 分別都是什么意思?

          she went into the building, followed by a group of students.

          the teacher says that everybody should follow the rule here.

          i’m sorry, but i can’t follow you.

          六、幾組對容易混淆詞進行特別記憶

          (1)有些字可當形容詞又可當副詞,例如: early; past; half; long; straight; fast; hard; quick; deep; slow; pretty; awful; wrong; right; high; late; hourly; early; weekly; etc.

          we had an early breakfast. (形容詞)

          we went by a fast train. (形容詞)

          we had breakfast early. (副詞)

          don’t speak so fast.(副詞)

          (2)有些形容詞變為副詞, 可在字尾加ly, 也可以不加, 不過在字義上不同。

          (a) easy “安適地”; easily “容易地”:

          stand easy!

          he’s not easily satisfied.

          (b) clear ( = completely “完全地”; clearly“顯然地”;)

          the bullet went clear through the door.

          the thieves got clearly away.

          (c) high “高”; highly “很;非常”;

          the birds are flying high.

          he was highly praised for his work.

          (d) slow 和 slowly當副詞時同義, 但 slow比 slowly語氣強.

          i told the driver to go slow(er).

          drive slowly round these bends in the road.

          (e) hard “辛苦地”; hardly “幾乎不”;

          he works hard. (= he is a hard worker.)

          he hardly does anything nowadays. (= he does very little nowadays.)

          (f) just “剛才;僅”; justly “公正地”;

          i’ve just seen him.

          he was justly punished.

          (g) late “遲”; lately (= recently)“最近地”;

          he went to bed late.

          i haven’t seen mr. green lately.

          (h) pretty (= fairly, moderately)“十分,頗”; prettily (= in a pretty way, attractively)“漂亮地”;

          the situation seems pretty hopeless.

          she was prettily dressed.轉

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