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高考英語(yǔ)閱讀的答題技巧方法
高考英語(yǔ)閱讀在英語(yǔ)考試當(dāng)中的重要性不言而喻,下面是小編為大家整理的高考英語(yǔ)閱讀的答題技巧方法,歡迎參考~
第一:如何抓住文章和句子的重心
1. 圍著中心轉(zhuǎn)---中心 ( 一般為文章第一句) 結(jié)論(最后一句)。
2. 注意段落結(jié)構(gòu)---段落中心(段落第一句)及段落結(jié)論(段落最后一句)。
3. 注意:第二段第一句有but,或是帶“”的句子,或---today,this day,so,yet,therefore,however等詞時(shí),中心應(yīng)在第二段第一句,第一段可不讀。
4. 注意連詞---but,帶“”的句子,---today,this day,now,so,yet,therefore,however這些連詞后的句子為重心。
5. 如果出現(xiàn)并列的疑問(wèn)句,或在一段中出現(xiàn)并列的地名、人名、國(guó)名、一般最后一個(gè)為重心。并列多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),最后一個(gè)為重心。(或最接近名詞的)
6. 在答案中A、B、C、D有三個(gè)至四個(gè)重復(fù)單詞,此單詞為重心(即關(guān)鍵詞)
7. 找到中心詞后,在遇到有關(guān)鍵詞的選項(xiàng)時(shí),則不用理解題意,即可知道有關(guān)鍵詞的選項(xiàng)為正確答案的可能性很高。
8. 有中心詞的題目選項(xiàng),是正確選項(xiàng)的可能性也很高。
以2015年全國(guó)普通高中統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)(新課標(biāo)2)中閱讀理解的15道題作為案例:
找到文章的中心句或中心詞即可大大提高正確解答以下題的機(jī)率:(注:文中加粗為中心句)
Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
5. The text is especially helpless for those who care about ______.
A. their home comforts
B. their body shape
C. house buying
D. healthy diets.
解析:答案:B。 Your house may have an effect on your figure.是中心句。中心句中出現(xiàn)figure體型,因此B提到body身體,是正確答案的可能性很高。
8. what can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Is Your House Making You Fat?
B. ways of Serving Dinner
C. Effects of Self-consciousness
D. Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?
解析:答案: A。 Your house may have an effect on your figure.是中心句。中心句中主語(yǔ)為your house,又出現(xiàn)effect影響,只有選項(xiàng)A有主語(yǔ)your house并提及影響讓人變胖,因此A是正確答案的可能性很高。
第二:?jiǎn)栴}代入法
在閱讀理解的10大題型中,占分值最多的就是細(xì)節(jié)題,也就是對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)做出提問(wèn),做對(duì)了細(xì)節(jié)題,閱讀理解滿分30分,就可以拿到18-21分。對(duì)于此類題,可以不看文章和題干,只將問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ),代入原文,找到相應(yīng)的原文句子,根據(jù)原文句子,或者前句后句的內(nèi)容,選項(xiàng)中哪個(gè)短詞或詞匯在原文句,前句或后句中出現(xiàn),這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確答案的可能性就很高。
同樣以2015年全國(guó)普通高中統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)(新課標(biāo)2)中閱讀理解的15道題作為案例:
(注:加粗標(biāo)注為關(guān)鍵詞)
1. Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?
A. He got an older model than he had expected.
B. He couldn't return it when it was broken.
C. He could have bought it at a lower price.
D. He failed to find any movie show on it.
解析:答案: C。 原文I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discounted model. 通過(guò)題干中的fool和buying可以在原文中找到相同的詞,證實(shí)為這個(gè)題的原文句。既然有buy買,說(shuō)明和價(jià)格有關(guān),因此ABCD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,只有C提到price價(jià)格,因此C是正確答案的可能性很高。
3. How did the author finally get his TV set working again?
A. By shaking and hitting it.
B. By turning it on and off.
C. By switching channels.
D. By having it repaired.
解析:答案:D。 原文At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist, and it stopping working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble.
通過(guò)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞working可以在原文中找到原文句。這時(shí)原句中找不答案,可看前句或后句,從后句中可找到與選項(xiàng)D相同的詞repair, 所以D 是正確答案的可能性很高。
6. A home environment in blue can help people ______.
A. digest food better
B. reduce food intake
C. burn more calories
D. regain their appetites
解析:答案:B。 根據(jù)題干中關(guān)鍵詞代入原文,找到原文句In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. 即從原文句中可看到less,而選項(xiàng)B中出現(xiàn)reduce, 都有少的意思,因此B為正確答案的可能性很高。
13. Which tour will you choose if you want to see oldest university city?
A. Tour A
B. Tour B
C. Tour C
D. Tour D
解析:答案:B 把關(guān)鍵詞oldest university代入原文找到原文句,Oxford : include a guided tour of England’s oldest university and colleges. 再看篇頭Tour B-Oxford,因此B為正確答案的可能性很高。
15. Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?
A. It used to be the home of royal families
B. It used to be a well-known maze
C. It is the oldest palace in Britain
D. It is a world-famous castle.
解析:答案:A 通過(guò)Hampton Court找到原文句的大致位置,根據(jù)中心詞a major tourist attraction確定原文句的位置。Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tour attraction. 只有選項(xiàng)A中有與原文句相同的單詞,royal, 因此A為正確答案的可能性很高。
第三:反代入法
何為反代入法,即當(dāng)判斷一道題是細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí),但用代入法,無(wú)法找到或難以確定答案,即可將ABCD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)代入原文,哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在原文中,便是正確答案的機(jī)率很大。
以2015年全國(guó)普通高中統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)(新課標(biāo)2)中閱讀理解的15道題作為案例:
(注:加粗標(biāo)注為關(guān)鍵詞)
7. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?
A.eat quickly
B. play fast music
C. use smaller spoons
D. turn down the lights
解析:答案:C。 這時(shí)的關(guān)鍵詞則不在題干中,而是在選項(xiàng)中。 即可找到原句When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake jumps by 14 percent. 然而ABD選項(xiàng),在原文中都找不到相應(yīng)的原句,所以馬上得出C是正確答案的可能性很高。
12. What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?
A. Attend additional courses
B. Make plans for the new term.
C. Earn money for their education.
D. prepare for their graduate studies.
解析:答案:C。 通過(guò)NUS statistics確定原文句的位置,這里的關(guān)鍵詞就是earn money education, 代入原文確定原文句It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. 然而ABD三項(xiàng)在原文句上下文都沒有提到,因此確定C是正確答案的可能性很高。
第四、詞意匹配法
這種方法適應(yīng)于詞匯題,也就是對(duì)文章中劃線詞找出正確的解釋。一般這樣的詞或詞組都會(huì)有肯定或否定的隱性詞意在,這時(shí)可以在ABCD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中找出與劃線詞有相同隱含詞意的選項(xiàng),這個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確答案的機(jī)率很大。(注:加粗標(biāo)注為關(guān)鍵詞)
以2015年全國(guó)普通高中統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)(新課標(biāo)2)中閱讀理解的15道題作為案例:
2. Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph1?
A. Ended all their programs.
B. Provided fewer channels.
C. changed to commercials.
D. showed all-night movies.
解析:答案:A 解答此題時(shí)不必知道題干和選項(xiàng)的意思,只要看詞性。因?yàn)閛ff本身有離開,關(guān)閉的意思,因此只有選項(xiàng)A中end與之相符,所以A是正確答案的可能性很大。
第五、詞性相同排除法
這種方法可以用于推測(cè)題,例如,推測(cè)作者的口氣和講敘文章的語(yǔ)氣。 不看文章和題干,只是比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng),遇到吃不準(zhǔn)選項(xiàng)的題(即不會(huì)做的題),可以90%概率猜中正確答案。
4. How does the author sound when telling the story?
A. Curious B. Anxious C. cautious D. humorous
解析:答案:D。 ABC都是一個(gè)人狀態(tài)不好的傾向詞,而D則為中性詞,表述態(tài)度不一致者是正確答案的可能性很高。
六、“偏方”
這里申明,“偏方”不是百分百的準(zhǔn)確,只是在考生無(wú)法理解原文和題意時(shí),幫助考生快速答題。
首先,有一個(gè)口決:
三短一長(zhǎng)選長(zhǎng)
三長(zhǎng)一短選短
一樣長(zhǎng)選C
一樣短選B
有all above 選
有we dont know 選
有絕對(duì)化的不選
有廢話的選
第二,近年高考真題中高頻出現(xiàn)的一些詞匯,如實(shí)在無(wú)法做答,可以選擇有這些高頻詞匯的選項(xiàng)。
1.精神的,心靈的,高尚的: spiritual
2.阻止: stop (prevent)
3.成功的: successful
4.意識(shí)到(實(shí)現(xiàn)): realize=learn、come to realize、be (un)aware of (to) 、 don’t realize、fail to realize
5.認(rèn)出和認(rèn)可:recognize
6.相關(guān)related to
7.喜歡enjoy, love(like, prefer, be fond of, be keen on), fun, joy, pleasure
8.值得:worthwhile、deserve
9.導(dǎo)致:lead to (result in, bring about, cause)
10.停止:stop (prevent)
11.錯(cuò)過(guò):miss (missing) ; lose (lost)
12.鼓勵(lì):encourage
13.吸引:attract (attraction)
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