初中英語閱讀理解的解題技巧
閱讀理解也是中考英語題的必考題目之一，本題型旨在考查學生閱讀，理解的能力，幾年來，中考英語題中的閱讀理解材料新，題材豐富，考查學生綜合推斷能力，根據語篇猜單詞意思的能力的力度加大，也考查學生關注細節的能力。下面是小編給大家準備的初中英語閱讀理解的解題技巧，一起來看一下吧!
【初中英語閱讀理解的解題技巧】
一、解題思路
(一)先讀問題，弄清考查要點，以便能帶著問題看文章，這樣會心中有數，有的放矢。
(二)快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌，注意發現與問題有關的信息，如果時間緊，至少要掃視一下起首段和尾段。再把標題和文章內容結合起來想一想，這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時，不要忙于答題。
(三)細讀原文，捕捉相關信息詞，掌握短文細節內容。
這是解題的關鍵，應特別注意以下幾點：
1. 抓住四個"W"和一個"H"，就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標記，把What (事件)，When(時間)，Where(地點)，Why(原因)，How(經過)劃出來。抓住了四個“W”和一個“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的問題便可解決。
2.抓住連接詞及起關鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語等。因為這些詞具有因果，讓步，遞進，轉折，指代，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。這對考生分清文章層次，辨明各種關系，了解人物心理，推斷作者意圖，進行邏輯推理等手段來分析難點，都具有舉足輕重的作用。
3. 注意領會文章的寓意。
4.根據題意，初選答案。這一步須仔細審題，領會測試要求，確定解題方法。對那些明顯的，有把握的題可以斷然確定，不必把其余三個答案再作推敲而浪費時間：有些略難的題，應再查閱短文(不是重讀一遍)，迅速找出依據，予以排除。常用的解題方法有如下幾種：
① 直接解題法。即從原文中直接找出答案。
�、� 歸納解題法。對于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進行概括、歸納得出正確答案。
③ 綜合推理法。讀者需統觀全文，認真分析，綜合推理及至計算，最后歸納出正確答案。
題干中有"suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to“等字眼時，屬于推斷概括型，考查內容著眼于全篇，考生應具備一定的分析歸納，推理等邏輯思維能力。
�、� 捕捉關鍵詞。在閱讀時應該注意與問題相關的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來得出正確答案。
⑤ 轉換解題法。即原文這么說，而在問題和所給選項中則用另外的詞去轉換一種說法，但仍表示同一含義。
⑥ 排除法。根據語言，句法結構，信息詞和常識，在沒有把握的選項中用排除法得出正確答案。
(四)重讀原文，仔細斟酌核對答案。在解完最后一道題后，如果時間允許，再將原文讀一遍;用全文的主題思想統率各思考題，研究其內在聯系和邏輯關系，目的在于對所做答案進一步審查，推出未解答的題，以便減少失誤。
二、題型分類
初中英語閱讀理解往往有以下三大題型，抓住它的解法和思路，就可以順利做好這些題目：
(一)選擇符合文章的選項
(二)判斷正誤
(三)根據文章內容回答問題，現今該題型歸納在任務型閱讀中，此處不做詳解。
典型例題分析
(一)根據內容，從短文后每題的四個選項中選擇最佳的一項。
Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was seven. "Through the hole(洞)in the earth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look fast because it was so hot," said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more(再一次).
Now, we can only see the smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground - fire. In fact, there are 260 coal(煤)fires in the world. They are harmful(有害)and dangerous. Then how to put them out?
Scientists have tried to set(放置)fire to underground coal to speed up(加速)the fires. In this way, the burning(燃燒)of underground coal would be soon finished.(被燒完)。
1. Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire ________.
A. at the age of seven B. seven years old
C. in the year of 1898 D. more than(超過)80 years ago
2. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire because ________.
A. it was in the hole B. it was very hot
C. it was orange D. it was harmful
3. How many coal fires are there in the world?
A. There's only one. B. It's hard to say.
C. There are 260. D. The article(文章)doesn't tell us.
4. What’s one of the best ways to put out(撲滅)the underground fire?
A. To cover(覆蓋)the holes with stones(石塊).
B. To speed up the fires.
C. To see the fires burning.
D. To do some experiments(試驗).
5. What is the best title(標題)for the article?
A. Watching the Underground - Fire.
B. A Way to Put Out the Coal Fires.
C. The Burning Earth.
D. Coal and Coal Fires.
答案分析]
1. 在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依據。at the age of seven 等于when he was seven，故正確答案為 A 。
2.這一題可以在第一段里直接找到答案，屬于直接回答題。正確答案為 B。
3.這一題可以在第二段里直接找到答案，屬于直接回答題。正確答案為 C。
4.在文章的最后一段提到了撲滅火的最好方法，那就是使火加速燃燒。正確答案為 B。
5.完成這道題需作一定的歸納，因為文章中沒有給出直接的回答。文章從Mr Brown兩次看火，然后說出地下火的危害，最后提出如何滅火的方法。文章的前兩段是給為什么要滅火和如何滅火鋪墊，如何滅火才是文章的中心。故正確答案為 B。
(二)根據文章內容判斷正誤
Fred telephoned his wife. “I’ve got two free tickets for the theatre tonight,” he told her. “Meet me outside the office. We’ll have something to eat and then go on to the theatre.”
Fred’s wife was very pleased. They hadn’t been to the theatre for a long time. She met her husband as he told her. They had dinner and got to the theatre just in time.
At the entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets. “It’s very strange,” he said. “They aren’t here!” “Try your pockets,” said his wife. But the tickets weren’t there, either.
Then Fred looked very embarrassed (尷尬). “What’s the matter?” asked his wife. “Well,” Fred said, “I remember what I did with my tickets. I put them in my bag. But because I wasn’t going home, I left it in the office!”
( ) 1. One day, Fred was given the tickets
for the theatre.
( ) 2. Fred and his wife went to the
theatre quite often.
( ) 3. Fred wanted to meet his wife in a
restaurant.
( ) 4. They reached the theatre neither
late nor early.
( ) 5. Then Fred couldn’t find his tickets and remembered what he had done with the tickets.
答案分析：
1、T 因為第一段中提到Fred told his wife
“I’ve got two free tickets…” “free” 此處是免費的意思。
2、F 第二段中提到“They hadn’t been to the theater
for a long time.”
3、F 第一段中Fred說“Meet me outside the office.”
4、T 第二段中“in time”是及時的意思。
5. T 結尾處提到的。
(三)閱讀下面短文，然后回答文后問題。
Taking exams always makes me nervous.What about you? Here are some suggestions that my friend offers me.
Preparing for exams
The most important part of preparing for an exam is to know what to study.Review subjects you've spent a long time on during classes，look through what you were asked to read and topics of essays and homework，or ask your teachers to see if they can give a few suggestions.Once you know what to study，the next is to know how to study.
Arriving at an exam
How you arrive at an exam will decide how you take your exam.Be sure to arrive：Early.
With a full stomach.
Well rested.
With all the things you will need for the exam.
Having your own exam habits
Before you begin your exam，be sure to：Set up your things close by.
Put your name and other identification information on your exam-answer sheet.
Read all the directions.
Make a brief plan about how you will divide your time between sections.
Take a few deep breaths every time you feel nervous.
If you prepare well for your exam，arrive confidently and settle in before you begin.Don't spend more time on a question that you should unless you're ahead of schedule(時間表).
根據短文內容，回答下面的問題。
1.What is the most important before you take an exam?
_________________________________________________________
2.Should you arrive at an exam early or on time?
_________________________________________________________
3.What should you do if you feel nervous just before an exam?
_________________________________________________________
4.How would you feel if you got everything ready?
_________________________________________________________
答案分析：
1.to know what to study 根據建議一可知，考前最重要的就是要知道學什么。
2.Early 根據建議二可知，考試時要提前到。
3.Take a few deep breaths 根據建議三可知，考前緊張是要深吸一口氣，能緩解緊張的心情。
4.Confident.根據短文內容可知，一切準備就緒，你就會很自信。
三、題材分析
(一)家庭、朋友與個人情況
在中考閱讀理解中，記敘文閱讀題目的考查難度逐年增加，多使用貼近學生生活的素材，多以故事形式出現。針對這種題型主要抓四大要素，即時間、地點、人物和事件的起因、發展和結果，以及人物之間的關系，從中分析他們的思想品質、性格特征等;理解文章大意后，找出關鍵的句子和一些與考查內容有關的問題所在，這樣，便于我們解題時“順藤摸瓜”，找出問題的答案。
這類閱讀一般是對文章理解能力的考查，抓住文章的關鍵句和關鍵詞是非常重要的。
做題思路：先看清題干，帶著問題讀文章，明確把握問題指向，避免“回視”現象，提高做題的速度。
例如：
1990 was a significant year in world events.In February，Nelson Mandela was set free after 27 years in prison.In October，East and West Germany became one country again.Then at the end of 1990，the World Wide Web was born.For this final event we have one man to thank，Tim Berners Lee，the father of the Web.
Berners Lee was born on June 8，1955 in London，England.His parents，both computer designers，encouraged him to think and work creatively as he grew up.He was an excellent student and naturally took an interest in computers and science.
After graduating from Oxford University，Tim went to work at a science research centre in Switzerland.There he developed some of the different systems that would later become the Web.The first was HTML，the computer language used to make web pages.The second was an address system that let computers anywhere find each other and send and receive information.In 1990，while still at the science centre in Switzerland，he put them together to make the first Internet browser(瀏覽器).It could run on any computer and allowed people to creat website to share their information with the rest of the world.
Tim knew that the more people used the Web，the more useful it would be.He wasn't interested in money but knowledge，so he gave out his invention for free to anyone who was interested.Many were interested and the growth of the Internet began.
Today Tim works as a professor at the MIT in America，researching new and interesting ways to use the Web.He has received many awards from governments and organizations for his efforts.He is still not very interested in money.That is why he is so admired by his students and workmates.It may also be one of the reasons that few people outside the world of technology know his name.
閱讀短文，根據短文內容選擇最佳答案。
( ) 1.The underlined word "significant" (in Paragraph 1) most probably means "_________".
A.strange B.terrible C.important D.difficult
( ) 2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A.The address system was used to make web pages.
B.The World Wide Web was created in Switzerland.
C.The first web browser was very expensive to buy.
D.Many people could use the Internet before 1990.
( ) 3.What can we learn about Berners Lee from the passage?
A.He was encouraged to be creative.
B.He didn't do well at school.
C.He is a very poor businessman.
D.He is well known all over the world.
( ) 4.Where does Berners Lee live today?
A.England. B.Switzerland. C.America. D.Canada.
( ) 5.What is the passage mainly about?
A.The events that took place in 1990.
B.The history of the Internet.
C.The invention of the Internet browser.
D.The man who created the Word Wide Web
答案解析：
1.C 根據第一段第三、四句話可知，發生在 1990 年的世界事件：東西德統一，World Wide Web 的.誕生。由此我們不難推測出，significant 是指“重要，重大”。故選 C。
2.B 根據第三段“...an address system that let computers anywhere find each other and send and receive information...”可知選項 A 與此不符;根據第四段可知，Tim 只對知識感興趣而對金錢并不感興趣，因此他免費貢獻出他的發明 web browser，故選項 C 不正確;根據第一段，我們知道 web 是在 1990 年誕生的，因此 1990 年前，人們不可能使用 web，故排除 D。所以正確答案為 B。
3.A 根據第二段可知，Tim 學習成績優秀，故排除 B;文中沒有提 Tim 是個商人，故排除 C;根據最后一段最后一句話“...few people outside the world of technology know his name.”可知 Tim 并非世界聞名，故排除 D。根據文中第二段“...encouraged him to think and work creatively...”可知正確答案為 A。
4.C 根據最后一段第一句可知 Tim 現在住在美國。
5.D 這篇文章主要介紹的是 Web 之父 Tim Berners Lee.
(二)學校生活與語言學習
校園生活與語言學習是中考閱讀理解考查的一個熱點話題，一方面與學生生活、學習、交流等息息相關;另一方面，來自社會，緊貼社會生活，具有一定的時代感和現實意義。這類話題多是說明文，做題時要注意說明的對象、內容及說明方法。這類題要注意每段話的開頭部分，整體把握材料信息。
做題思路：把握信息，找出題眼，梳理信息，進行解答問題。
When you see the girl for the first time，you may think she is a boy.She is very outgoing(外向的).Who is she? Wang Meng，the Chinese top skater.
On the evening of February 26th，2010，Wang Meng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in the women's 1000 meters short track speed skating final(短道速滑決賽) at the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games(溫哥華冬奧會).After she succeeded in the 500-metre and 3000-metre races，she won her third gold medal this time.With this one China won four gold medals in the women's short track speed skating.That helped China first win the team gold medal in Winter Olympics history.
Just before the final race Wang Meng caught a bad cold and coughed terribly.With the words of "You can，you can do!" she won at last.She said，"I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team，to China.It was with the help of my team that I won the prize."
Though Wang Meng is only twenty-four，she has been the most successful Chinese skater.We are proud of her and her team.We hope she will be faster in Sochi Olympics in 2014.
閱讀短文，根據短文內容選擇最佳答案。
( ) 1.China won gold medals in the women's short track speed skating.
A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5
( ) 2.It took Wang Meng 1 minute and 29.213 seconds to finish the short track speed skating final.
A.women's 1000 B.men's 1000
C.women's 500 D.men's 500
( ) 3.In Wang Meng's opinion，made her win the prize at last.
A.a strong body B.a bad cold
C.her team's help D.much exercise
( ) 4.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A.Wang Meng is very outgoing like a boy.
B.Wang Meng is the most successful Chinese skater.
C.Chinese people are proud of Wang Meng and her team.
D.China has got the team gold medal twice in Winter Olympics history.
答案解析
1.C 由第二段倒數第二句“With this one China won four gold medals...”可知正確答案為 C。
2.A 由第二段第一句“...Wang Meng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in women's 1000 meters...”可知正確答案為 A。
3.C 由第一段最后兩句“I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team... with the help of my team that I won the prize.”可知由于團隊的幫助她才獲得了成功，故正確答案為 C。
4.D 由第二段最后一句“That helped China first win the team gold medal...”可知 D 項的表述是錯誤的。
(三)天氣與自然
隨著社會經濟的快速發展，社會和諧已提上日程，天氣與自然環境很快就成為人們關注的話題之一。此類話題多是說明文和議論文。這就要求我們了解說明文和議論文的特點，這樣才能對問題進一步地分析和解讀，才能自覺地完成命題要求，取得高分。
解題思路：把握該類話題的特征，對所給信息進行歸納整合
例如：
Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆).They can happen any time of a day，at any point during the year.When an earthquake is happening，you should know what you should do or not do.
Do NOT go outside.You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings.If you are outside，stay away from buildings and power lines(輸電線).
Stay under a desk，table，or other strong furniture.Hold on to it.Or stay in a corner of the building.Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing.Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.
Keep away from windows，pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building，and anything else that could fall and hurt you.Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake，not by the shaking itself.
Also keep away from a fire.You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire.
If you are driving when an earthquake happens，stop the car if it's safe.Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops，and don't drive near bridges.Try not to stop by power lines or trees.These could fall and hurt you.
閱讀短文，根據短文內容選擇最佳答案。
( ) 1.It isn't safe for you to _______ while the earthquake is happening.
A.run out of the building
B.stay in a corner of the building
C.cover your head with your arms
D.cover your mouth with a towel
( ) 2.From this passage，we know _______.
A.many people fear earthquakes
B.earthquakes maybe happen at any time
C.we can't save ourselves in an earthquake
D.people never get injured in earthquakes
( ) 3.The best title for this passage should be "_______".
A.How Earthquakes Happen
B.How to Drive a Car
C.What We Should Do in Earthquakes
D.Why Earthquakes Happen
答案解析
1.A BCD 三項在第三段可找到答案;根據第二段內容可知 A 項的做法是不安全的，故正確答案為 A。
2.B 根據第一段前兩句可知，地震可能隨時會發生，故 B 項為正確答案。
3.C 通過全文可知本文主要是在介紹發生地震時，我們應該采取哪些措施才能使自己避免受傷，故正確答案為 C。
(四)歷史與地理
本話題在中考中所占比例不多，在歷史方面要注意歷史事件發生的時間、地點、原因以及有何影響等，而對地理知識的考查，一般多與旅游觀光等內容相結合，這就要求我們了解各地的名勝古跡、遺址等。
解題思路：熟悉文章，找準問題關鍵所在，提高解題速度和質量。
例如：
On February 3rd，1949，New York Harbor(港) was an exciting place.Many people were there to greet a ship from France.On the ship were 49 French railroad boxcars(火車車廂) filled with gifts from the people of France to the people of America.These boxcars were from the famous Merci Train (Merci，a French word meaning "thank you").
After world War Ⅱ(二戰)，a lot of factories，roads and farms in France had been destroyed.Many French people had no jobs or money and had little to wear and little to eat.In the winter of 1947，a train was sent across the United States，stopping in cities and towns along the way.At every stop，people gave whatever they could.Factories gave clothing and medicine.Farmers gave food.Families gave money.Even school children gave away their pocket money(零用錢).All the things were then taken to France by ship.
By 1949，the French had begun to recover(恢復) from the war.The Merci Train was their way of saying "thank you" to America.French people had filled the boxcars with gifts.Most of them were personal，like hand-made toys，children's drawings，or postcards.But the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful of the gifts.On each car，the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40 provinces，with an American eagle on the front.The boxcars were taken to each state of America，where they were warmly greeted.
Now many of the states still keep their boxcars.Gifts sent by the French people can still be seen in some museums.The Merci Train came out of the war，but it now reminds the world that countries can also work together in peace(和平).
閱讀短文，根據短文內容選擇最佳答案。
( ) 1.Many people crowded at New York Harbor on February 3rd，1949 to ________.
A.welcome the Merci Train
B.meet their families
C.have a big party
D.start a trip by ship
( ) 2.In 1947，a train stopped in cities across America in order to ________.
A.give away clothing and food
B.get more soldiers for the war
C.collect things to help French people
D.show exhibitions from the museums
( ) 3.The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 refers to(指) ________.
A.the American people
B.the French people
C.the boxcars
D.the gifts
( ) 4.The French people painted their 40 provinces and an American eagle on each boxcar because _______.
A.they thought France was stronger than America
B.it could show the friendship between the two countries
C.the boxcars would be more beautiful
D.they were very good at painting pictures
( ) 5.The passage is mainly about _______.
A.the story of the Merci Train
B.American museums where the boxcars are kept
C.gifts that American people liked
D.World War Ⅱ
答案解析
1.A 根據第一段內容我們可知許多人來到 New York Harbor 的目的是為了歡迎來自法國的 Merci Train，故正確答案為 A。
2.C 根據“At every stop，people gave whatever they could... All the things were then taken to France by ship.”可以推測出正確答案為 C。
3.D 根據第三段第三句和第四句的 personal，like hand-made toys...”可知 them 指代的是 gifts，故正確答案為 D。
4.B 根據“...the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40 provinces，...where they were warmly greeted.”可以推測出正確答案為 B。
5.A 通過文章內容我們可知整篇文章都是圍繞 Merci Train 來寫的，故正確答案為 A。
(五)社會萬象
在中考閱讀理解中，本話題包括的題材很多，它們來自生活，來自社會，針對這些題材要求抓住關鍵的句子和一些與考查內容有關的問題所在，這樣便于我們解題時“順藤摸瓜”，找出問題的答案。這種題型一般是對文章理解能力的考查，抓住文章的關鍵句和關鍵詞是非常重要的。
解題思路：看清題干，明確把握問題指向，帶著問題讀文章，避免“回視”現象，提高做題的速度，提高解題質量。
例如：
In most cultures，when you meet people you know for the first time during a day，it is usual to greet them.Once a young woman from England went to Hong Kong to work.When she first arrived，she knew little about the Chinese culture of language.On her way to school one day，she went to a bank to get some money.To her surprise，the bank clerk asked her if she had had her lunch.She was surprised at such a question because in the British culture it would mean an invitation to lunch.Between unmarried young people it can also mean the young man's interest in dating the girl.Since this bank clerk was a stranger to the British woman，she was very puzzled，and quickly answered that she had eaten already.After this she went on to school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked her the same question.
By now she understood that it could not be an invitation but was puzzled as to why they asked it.In the following days she was asked the same question again and again and she spent many hours trying to work out why so many people kept asking her this.At last she thought that these people must be concerned about(關心) her health.She was rather thin at the time，and she thought they must be worrying that she was not eating well!
In fact the question like that has no real meaning at all — it is only a greeting.
根據短文內容，判斷句子的正誤，正確的在括號內寫“T”，錯誤的寫“F”。
( ) 1.The young British woman went to Hong Kong for work.
( ) 2.The British woman went to the bank to get some money.
( ) 3.The bank clerk invited the young British woman to lunch.
( ) 4.The teacher's question made the British woman happy.
( ) 5.In fact the young British woman didn't know much about Chinese culture.
答案解析
1.T 根據“Once a young woman from England...”可知這年輕英國婦女是來香港工作的，故此句表述是正確的。
2.T 根據“...she went to a bank to get some money.”可知此句表述是正確的。
3.F 通過本文最后一句我們可以了解到，在中國問別人“吃了嗎”是表問候，而不一定是真正的想請人吃飯。故此句的錯誤的。
4.F 根據“After this she went on to school and was even more surprised...”可知此句表述是錯誤的。
5.T 根據文章內容我們知道，這位英國婦女對中國文化不是很了解，所以對“if she had had her lunch”產生困惑。
當然，中考英語閱讀理解題的材料遠不止這些種類，但只要運用了上面的基本的解題技巧，也能把這個題型做得很好。
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