托福寫(xiě)作之最新素材
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，在托福寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中優(yōu)秀的素材，會(huì)使閱卷老師眼前一亮，無(wú)疑會(huì)增加我們的寫(xiě)作分?jǐn)?shù)。下面小編就為大家介紹一篇寫(xiě)作素材希望能幫助大家。
1. Engage: Project-Based Learning
Students go beyond the textbook to study complex topics based on real-world issues, such as the water quality in their communities or the history of their town, analyzing information from multiple sources, including the Internet and interviews with experts. Project-based class work is more demanding than traditional book-based instruction, where students may just memorize facts from a single source. Instead, students utilize original documents and data, mastering principles covered in traditional courses but learning them in more meaningful ways. Projects can last weeks; multiple projects can cover entire courses. Student work is presented to audiences beyond the teacher, including parents and community groups.
Reality Check: At the Clear View Charter School, in Chula Vista, California, fourth- and fifth-grade students collected insect specimens, studied them under an electron microscope via a fiber-optic link to a nearby university, used Internet resources for their reports, and discussed their findings with university entomologists.
重點(diǎn)搭配摘抄:
go beyond the textbook :超越課本
real-world issues ：現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的問(wèn)題
presented s/th to the audiences ：向觀眾展示
traditional book-based instruction :傳統(tǒng)書(shū)本教學(xué)
is more demanding than ：比另外一件事情更費(fèi)力
memorize facts from a single source ：從單一的源頭記憶事實(shí)
細(xì)節(jié)羅列：
the history of their town ：他們家鄉(xiāng)的歷史
water quality in their communities ：他們社區(qū)的水質(zhì)量
analyzing information from multiple sources ：分析不同源頭的信息
discussed their findings ：討論他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)
collected insect specimens, studied them ：收集昆蟲(chóng)樣本、研究他們
適用題目：
2011.7.23 ML
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it is more effective for students to work in groups than by themselves.
The best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teacher's salaries.
2. Connect: Integrated Studies
Studies should enable students to reach across traditional disciplines and explore their relationships, like James Burke described in his book Connections. History, literature, and art can be interwoven and studied together. Integrated studies enable subjects to be investigated using many forms of knowledge and expression, as literacy skills are expanded beyond the traditional focus on words and numbers to include graphics, color, music, and motion.
Reality Check: Through a national project called Nature Mapping, fourth-grade students in rural Washington learn reading, writing, mathematics, science, and technology use while searching for rare lizards.
重點(diǎn)搭配摘抄：
reach across traditional disciplines ：連接不同的學(xué)科
using many forms of knowledge and expression ：使用多種形式的知識(shí)和表達(dá)
graphics, color, music, and motion： 圖標(biāo)、顏色、音樂(lè)和手勢(shì)
learn reading, writing, mathematics, science, and technology use ：
學(xué)習(xí)閱讀、寫(xiě)作、數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)和科技的'使用
適用題目：
Should university students take classes in many subjects or specialize in one subject?
3. Share: Cooperative Learning
Working together on project teams and guided by trained teachers, students learn the skills of collaborating, managing emotions, and resolving conflicts in groups. Each member of the team is responsible for learning the subject matter as well as helping teammates to learn. Cooperative learning develops social and emotional skills, providing a valuable foundation for their lives as workers, family members, and citizens.
Reality Check: In Eeva Reeder's tenth-grade geometry class at Mountlake Terrace High School, near Seattle, student teams design "schools of the future" while mentoring with local architects. They manage deadlines and resolve differences to produce models, budgets, and reports far beyond what an individual student could accomplish.
重點(diǎn)搭配摘抄:
learn the skills of collaborating, managing emotions, and resolving conflicts ：
學(xué)習(xí)合作、控制情緒、解決分歧等技能
is responsible for ：對(duì)xx負(fù)責(zé)
learning the subject matter ：學(xué)習(xí)主題;
helping teammates to learn ：幫助同伴學(xué)習(xí)
develops social and emotional skills ：朋友社交和控制情緒技能
providing a valuable foundation for their lives as workers, family members, and citizens：
為將來(lái)做員工、家庭成員和市民提供有價(jià)值的基礎(chǔ);
manage deadlines and resolve differences ：
掌控截止日期和解決分歧
far beyond what an individual student could accomplish：遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超越單個(gè)學(xué)生所有能成就的;
適用題目：
2011.7.23 ML
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it is more effective for students to work in groups than by themselves.
Some people think that it is an important part of a child's education to go on a field trip (for example, museums) while other people think a child's time is better spent learning in a classroom at school. What is your opinion?
4. Expand: Comprehensive Assessment
Assessment should be expanded beyond simple test scores to instead provide a detailed, continuous profile of student strengths and weaknesses. Teachers, parents, and individual students can closely monitor academic progress and use the assessment to focus on areas that need improvement. Tests should be an opportunity for students to learn from their mistakes, retake the test, and improve their scores.
Reality Check: At the Key Learning Community, in Indianapolis, teachers employ written rubrics to assess students' strengths and weaknesses using categories based on Howard Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences, including spatial, musical, and interpersonal skills.
重點(diǎn)搭配摘抄:
student strengths and weaknesses ：學(xué)生的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)
monitor academic progress ：監(jiān)控成績(jī)進(jìn)展
be an opportunity for students ：對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)是是個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)
learn from their mistakes, retake the test, and improve their scores ：從犯下的錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)、重新考試同時(shí)提高成績(jī)
適用題目：
Some people prefer to write many short assignments for a semester, other prefer to write one or two long assignments for a semester. Which do you prefer? Explain why.
Teachers
5. Coach: Intellectual and Emotional Guide
The most important role for teachers is to coach and guide students through the learning process, giving special attention to nurturing a student's interests and self-confidence. As technology provides more curricula, teachers can spend less time lecturing entire classes and more time mentoring students as individuals and tutoring them in areas in which they need help or seek additional challenges.
Reality Check: Brooklyn fifth-grade teacher Sarah Button uses exercises and simulations from the Resolving Conflict Creatively Program with her students, helping them learn empathy, cooperation, positive expression of feelings, and appreciation of diversity.
重點(diǎn)搭配摘抄:
coach and guide students ：培訓(xùn)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生
giving special attention to ：對(duì)xx給予特別的關(guān)照;
nurturing a student's interests and self-confidence：培養(yǎng)學(xué)生興趣和自信
seek additional challenges：尋求額外的挑戰(zhàn)
learn empathy, cooperation, positive expression of feelings, and appreciation of diversity ：學(xué)習(xí)同理心、合作、正向情感表達(dá)和感激多元化;
適用題目：
2012-05-26 ML ? 2012-05-26 NA? 2012.8.4NA
In the past, teachers have a greater impact on students than nowadays.
6. Learn: Teaching as Apprenticeship
Preparation for a teaching career should follow the model of apprenticeships, in which novices learn from experienced masters. Student teachers should spend less time in lecture halls learning educational theory and more time in classrooms, working directly with students and master teachers. Teaching skills should be continually sharpened, with time to take courses, attend conferences, and share lessons and tips with other teachers, online and in person.
Reality Check: Online communities such as Middle Web, the Teacher Leaders Network, and the Teachers Network bring novice and expert educators together in a Web-based professional community. The online mentorship gives novice teachers access to accomplished practitioners eager to strengthen the profession at its roots.
重點(diǎn)搭配摘抄:
learn from experienced masters：像有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師學(xué)習(xí)
learning educational theory ：學(xué)習(xí)教育理論
working directly with students ：直接(面對(duì))學(xué)生
sharpened teaching skills ：打磨教學(xué)技能
attend conferences, and share lessons and tips with other teachers ：參加會(huì)議、跟其他老師分享課程和技巧
accomplished practitioners ：有成就的從業(yè)者
eager to strengthen the profession at its roots：急切從根本上加強(qiáng)專(zhuān)業(yè)技能
適用題目：
It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?
Schools
7. Adopt: Technology
The intelligent use of technology can transform and improve almost every aspect of school, modernizing the nature of curriculum, student assignments, parental connections, and administration. Online curricula now include lesson plans, simulations, and demonstrations for classroom use and review. With online connections, students can share their work and communicate more productively and creatively. Teachers can maintain records and assessments using software tools and stay in close touch with students and families via email and voicemail. Schools can reduce administrative costs by using technology tools, as other fields have done, and provide more funds for the classroom.
Reality Check: Students in Geoff Ruth's high school chemistry class at Leadership High School, in San Francisco, have abandoned their textbooks. Instead, they plan, research, and implement their experiments using material gathered online from reliable chemistry resources.
重點(diǎn)搭配摘抄:
transform and improve ： 改革、改善
modernizing the nature of curriculum, student assignments, parental connections, and administration：
使課程、學(xué)生作業(yè)、父母聯(lián)系、管理的性質(zhì)現(xiàn)代化
maintain records and assessments ：保持記錄、評(píng)估
stay in close touch with ：保持緊密的聯(lián)系
reduce administrative costs ：減少管理成本
適用題目：
2011-04-15
Which it more important: having more facilities or hiring more teacher? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
The best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teacher's salaries.
8. Reorganize: Resources
Resources of time, money, and facilities must be restructured. The school day should allow for more in-depth project work beyond the 45-minute period, including block scheduling of classes two hours or longer. Schools should not close for a three-month summer vacation, but should remain open for student activities, teacher development, and community use. Through the practice of looping, elementary school teachers stay with a class for two or more years, deepening their relationships with students. More money in school districts should be directed to the classroom rather than the bureaucracy.
New school construction and renovation should emphasize school design that supports students and teachers collaborating in teams, with pervasive access to technology. Schools can be redesigned to also serve as community centers that provide health and social services for families, as well as counseling and parenting classes.
Reality Check: The school year at the Alice Carlson Applied Learning Center, in Fort Worth, Texas, consists of four blocks of about nine weeks each. Intersession workshops allow its K-5 students time for hands-on arts, science, and computer projects or sports in addition to language arts and math enrichment.
重點(diǎn)搭配摘抄:
deepening their relationships with students ： 加深跟學(xué)生的關(guān)系
be directed to ：轉(zhuǎn)向到
construction and renovation：建設(shè)和修繕
適用題目：
A strong ability to be cooperative and work with others is more valuable than a strong ability to lead others.
We should require our young children (5-10) to learn music and art in addition to math, science history and language.
The benefits that students can get from student organization or club activities are as many as that they can get from the academic studies.
Communities
9. Involve: Parents
When schoolwork involves parents, students learn more. Parents and other caregivers are a child's first teachers and can instill values that encourage school learning. Schools should build strong alliances with parents and welcome their active participation in the classroom. Educators should inform parents of the school's educational goals, the importance of high expectations for each child, and ways of assisting with homework and classroom lessons.
Reality Check: In the Sacramento Unified School District, teachers make home visits to students' families. Teachers gain a better understanding of their students' home environment, and parents see that teachers are committed to forging closer home-school bonds. If English is not spoken in the home, translators accompany the teachers.
重點(diǎn)搭配摘抄:
build strong alliances with parents ： 跟不父母簡(jiǎn)歷深厚的聯(lián)系
welcome their active participation ：歡迎他們積極的參與
inform parents of ：通知父母關(guān)于xx
assisting with ：幫助
gain a better understanding of ：對(duì)xxx有更好的理解
are committed to：致力于
make home visits： 家訪
are committed to forging closer home-school bonds：致力于達(dá)成更深去學(xué)校-家庭紐帶
適用題目：
2010 /11 /6
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
It is easier for parents to raise their children than 50 years ago.
2012-05-26 ML , 2012-05-26 NA, 2012.8.4NA
In the past, teachers have a greater impact on students than nowadays.
10. Include: Community Partners
Partnerships with a wide range of community organizations, including business, higher education, museums, and government agencies, provide critically needed materials, technology, and experiences for students and teachers. These groups expose students and teachers to the world of work through school-to-career programs and internships. Schools should enlist professionals to act as instructors and mentors for students.
Reality Check: At the Minnesota Business Academy, in St. Paul, businesses ranging from a newspaper to a stock brokerage to an engineering firm provide internships for three to four hours per day, twice each week. BestPrep, a philanthropic state business group, spearheaded an effort that renovated an old science building for school use.
重點(diǎn)搭配摘抄:
a wide range of community organizations, including business, higher education, museums, and government agencies ：
很多的社區(qū)組織比如企業(yè)、高等教育、博物館和政府機(jī)構(gòu)
expose students and teachers to ：讓學(xué)生和老師接觸
spearheaded an effort：帶頭努力做某事
重點(diǎn)句子：
Schools should enlist professionals to act as instructors and mentors for students.
學(xué)校應(yīng)該招收一下職業(yè)人士作為學(xué)生的指導(dǎo)者和導(dǎo)師。
適用題目;
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:
A university education should include an internship or some type of work experience.
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