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大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題第一套答案
引導(dǎo)語(yǔ):以下內(nèi)容是英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試第一套真題的答案,由應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生培訓(xùn)網(wǎng)整理而成,希望能夠幫助到您,謝謝您的閱讀。
Part Ⅰ Writing
這是一篇四級(jí)考試中常見的議論文。此次通過漫畫所呈現(xiàn)出的話題phone(手機(jī))是考生日常生活中熟悉的話題,因此寫起來并不難。考生應(yīng)該將重點(diǎn)放在第二段闡述手機(jī)與日常學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)系上。聯(lián)系實(shí)際分析可知二者關(guān)系為:手機(jī)為日常學(xué)習(xí)帶來了便利條件,但不能完全取代校園學(xué)習(xí)。
一、提出觀點(diǎn):手機(jī)在學(xué)習(xí)中雖然重要但并非必不可少(play an imoortant but not indispensable role)
二、論證觀點(diǎn)
三、總結(jié)觀點(diǎn)
手機(jī)在學(xué)習(xí)中的作用
漫畫生動(dòng)地描述了一個(gè)小學(xué)生問他的母親,既然他的手機(jī)已經(jīng)無所不知,為什么還要去上學(xué)。這幅漫畫揭示了這樣一個(gè)現(xiàn)象:一些學(xué)生高度依賴手機(jī),而忽視了個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)的重要性。然而,我認(rèn)為,手機(jī)在學(xué)生們的學(xué)習(xí)中雖然重要但并非必不可少。
毫無疑問,手機(jī)給我們帶來了很多便利,但是在學(xué)習(xí)過程中,我們不應(yīng)該過度依賴手機(jī)。首先,我們自身應(yīng)該具有很好的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備以應(yīng)對(duì)沒有手機(jī)在手邊時(shí)的各種情況。其次,正是我們的個(gè)人知識(shí)促進(jìn)了手機(jī)的發(fā)展。如果沒有學(xué)校的基礎(chǔ)教育,就沒有手機(jī)的問世。
總而言之,過度依賴手機(jī)弊大于利。因此,我們應(yīng)該合理地平衡手機(jī)與學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)系。只有這樣我們才能夠從學(xué)習(xí)過程中獲得最大的收益。
主題詞匯
make good use of充分利用
pay close attention to密切關(guān)注……
be oblivious to無視……
extend…into…將……擴(kuò)展到……
attach importance to重視……
be overwhelmed by充滿……
digital數(shù)字的,數(shù)碼的
text messages to編輯短信至……
virtual world虛擬世界 句式拓展
1.For a long time,many students have paid much attention to the
development in….let alone the updating of…長(zhǎng)期以來,許多學(xué)
生對(duì)……的發(fā)展十分關(guān)注,更不要說……的更新了。
2.Wim the increasing awareness of…,more and more people
choose to...instead of…隨著人們……意識(shí)的提高,越來越多的人
選擇……而不再……。
1.W:I'm going to give up playing chess.I lost again today.
M:Just because you lost? Is that any reaSon to quit?
Q:What does the man imply?
D)。
選項(xiàng)中多次出現(xiàn)game和play chess,可以推測(cè)對(duì)話內(nèi)容與下象棋有關(guān)。另外,從四個(gè)選
項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容審可以椎測(cè),對(duì)話講的府該縣女士想放棄下象棋,男士給出建議或指導(dǎo)。
本題的關(guān)鍵在于聽懂反問句和反問的語(yǔ)調(diào)。女士說因?yàn)榻裉煊州斄,所以打算放棄下象棋。男士沒有正面回應(yīng),而是反問了兩句:Just because you lost?Is that any reaSon to quit?”僅僅是因?yàn)檩斄藛?那能算是放棄的理由嗎?”言外之意就是不該放棄。換句話說就是,男士建議女士繼續(xù)下棋。故本題答案為D)。
2.M:Do you know Sally’s new address?She S got Some mall nere,anu I’d liKe to forward it to her.W:Well,we've not been in touch for quite a while.Let’s see.Mary should know it.
Q:What does the woman mean?
C)。 選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了mail,address和contact等詞,可以推測(cè)對(duì)話內(nèi)容和郵件有關(guān):由選項(xiàng)中的瑪麗和薩利兩個(gè)人名可知對(duì)話的內(nèi)容涉及另外兩個(gè)人,人物較多,聽錄音時(shí)應(yīng)注意區(qū)分人物之間的關(guān)系,做好標(biāo)記;另外,選項(xiàng)A)以the mail作主語(yǔ),選項(xiàng)B)和D)以she作主語(yǔ),可以推測(cè)該題會(huì)從女士的角度提問,女士的話為聽音重點(diǎn)。
本題的關(guān)鍵在于聽到細(xì)節(jié)“Mary should know it.”男士想把薩利的郵件轉(zhuǎn)寄給她,問女士是否知道她的地址。女士說自己很久沒跟薩利聯(lián)系了,但是結(jié)尾補(bǔ)充了一句:“瑪麗應(yīng)該知道地址。”故本題答案為C)。
3.W:I missed classes this morning.Could you please lend me your notes?
M:My notes?You've never seen my handwriting,have you?
Q:What does the man imply?
B)。 選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了handwriting,notes和class等詞,可以推測(cè)對(duì)話內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與上課做筆記有關(guān)。另外,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,A)和B)以his開頭,C)和D)以he為主語(yǔ),可以推測(cè)該題會(huì)從男士的角度提問,男士的話為聽音重點(diǎn)。
解題的關(guān)鍵是聽懂反意疑問句。女士想要借男士的筆記看,男士沒有正面回答,而是反問道:You've never seen my handwriting,have you?“你沒看過我的筆跡,對(duì)嗎?”言外之意就是自己的筆跡難以辨認(rèn),不易讀懂。故本題答案為B)。
4.M:I'm taking my girlfriend to the fancy new restaurant for her birthday tonight.
W:1 went there last weekend.I found it rather disappointing.
Q:What does the woman mean?
A)。 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了choose和restaurant等詞,由此推測(cè)對(duì)話內(nèi)容與選擇飯店有關(guān)。另外,選項(xiàng)A)和D)均是講男士選擇飯店,而選項(xiàng)B)和C)則出現(xiàn)了dating和her,故可推測(cè)該題可能是從女士的角度看待男士所選擇的飯店,女士的話為聽音重點(diǎn)。
男士說今晚要帶女朋友去新開的飯店過生日。女士說她上周去過,太讓她失望了。從rather disaDpointing可以聽出女士話語(yǔ)中強(qiáng)烈的否定意味,言外之意就是建議男士不要去這家飯店了,應(yīng)該另選一家。故本題答案為A)。
5.W:Winter is over at last.Time to put away my gloves and boots.
M:I've been waiting for this for months.
Q:What does the man mean?
A)。 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中三個(gè)都提到了季節(jié),由此推測(cè)對(duì)話內(nèi)容可能與季節(jié)有關(guān)。另外,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是以he開頭,故可判斷該題會(huì)從男士的角度進(jìn)行提問,男士的話為聽音重點(diǎn)。
女士說,冬天終于結(jié)束了,可以把手套和靴子收起來了。男士回應(yīng)說為此他已經(jīng)等了好幾個(gè)月了。顯然男士和女士一樣非常期待冬天的結(jié)束,也就是盼望春天的到來。故本題答案為A)。
6.W:Thank you for bnnging the books back.
M:I thought you need them over the weekend.Many thanks for letting me use them. Q:What do we learn from the conversation?
B). 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,A)和D)以the woman為主語(yǔ),B)和C)以the man為主語(yǔ),選項(xiàng)在內(nèi)容上較分散,可以推測(cè)該題并非針對(duì)男士或女士個(gè)人的話提問,而是考查對(duì)整個(gè)對(duì)話的理解,聽音時(shí)應(yīng)注意從全局把握對(duì)話內(nèi)容。
對(duì)話開頭,女士對(duì)男士說,謝謝他把書送回來,由此可知應(yīng)該是男士借了女士的書,故首先排除C)項(xiàng):男士說,他認(rèn)為女士周末會(huì)用到,而且感謝女士讓他使用這些書,故本題選擇B)。
7.W:Are you working flexible hours?
M:N0,I'm not.The weather today is So nice,So I decided to walk to work,and that meant I had to leavean hour earlier than usual.
Q:What did the mail decide to do?
A)。 選項(xiàng)中涉及work,on foot,trip和walk等詞,可推測(cè)對(duì)話和步行上班或旅行相關(guān)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),由此可推斷該題會(huì)對(duì)建議或計(jì)劃進(jìn)行提問,應(yīng)特別注意和建議或計(jì)劃相關(guān)的表述。
女士問男士的工作時(shí)間是否可以變通,男士回答說,不能。但今天天氣很好,他決定步行去上班。所以必須比平常早一個(gè)小時(shí)出發(fā)。男士話語(yǔ)中有明顯的表示計(jì)劃的動(dòng)詞decided,其后的內(nèi)容就是本題的答案,故答案為A)。
8.W:Our plane has been circling for a long time.Why the delay?
M:The airport Was closed for a while this morning,and things are still not back to normal。
Q:What does the man mean?
C)。 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均涉及飛機(jī)和機(jī)場(chǎng),而且都和機(jī)場(chǎng)存在的問題有關(guān),故聽音的重點(diǎn)為機(jī)場(chǎng)在哪方
面出現(xiàn)了問題。
女士問,飛機(jī)已經(jīng)盤旋了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,為什么會(huì)延遲。男士回答說,機(jī)場(chǎng)早晨關(guān)閉了一段時(shí)間,而且仍然沒有恢復(fù)正常:由此可知,機(jī)場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)的問題是closed for a while,而選項(xiàng)C)中的temporaryclosing正是該表述的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故本題答案為C)。
Conversation One
W:Good Morning, this is TGC!
M:Good morning, Walter Barry here, calling from London.Could I speak to Mr.Grand, please?
W:Who's calling, please?
M:Walter Barry, from London.W:What is it about, please?
M :Well, (9) I understand that your company has a chemical processing plant.My own company LCP, LiquidControl Products, is a leader in safety from leaks in the field of chemical processing.( 10 ) I'd like to speakto Mr.Grand to discuss ways in which we could help TGC to protect itself from such problems and savemoney at the same time.
W:Yes, I see.Well, Mr.Grand is not available just now.M:Can you tell me when I could reach him?
W :He's very busy for the next few days.Then he'll be away in New York.So it's difficult to give you a time.M:Could I speak to Someone else, perhaps?
W:Who, in particular?
M:A colleague, for example?
W:(11) You are speaking to his perSonal assistant.I can deal with calls for Mr.Grand.M:Yes, well, could I ring him tomorrow?
W:No, I'm Sorry.He won't be free tomorrow.Listen, let me suggest Something.(12) You send us details ofyour products and services, together with references from other companies.And then we'll contact you.M:Yes, that's very kind of you.I have your address.
W:Very good, Mr?
M:Barry.Walter Barry, from LCP in London.
W:Right, Mr.Barry.We look forward to hearing from you.M:Thank you, goodbye.
W :Bye.
預(yù)覽四道題各選項(xiàng),由選項(xiàng)中}H現(xiàn)的partnership,plant,salesman,chemist,director,assistant, department和products等詞可以推測(cè),本文和商業(yè)有關(guān),可能涉及公司之間的合作或產(chǎn)品的推銷。結(jié)合第l0題和第ll題各選項(xiàng),應(yīng)注意對(duì)話中對(duì)人物身份的描述,結(jié)合第l2題的選項(xiàng)可推測(cè)該對(duì)話可能是電話對(duì)話。
9.What do we learn about the woman’s company?
D)。 由對(duì)話開頭可知,男士在給女士打電話,女士問男士有什么事情,男士在說明來電目的前說,自己了解到女士的公司有家化學(xué)加工廠,故D)為答案。
10.What do we learn about the man?
C)。 對(duì)話中,男士先表明自己的身份,介紹了自己公司,說明了來電目的是想和格蘭德先生討論如何幫助TGC公司防止泄漏,同時(shí)節(jié)省開支的問題,實(shí)際上就是要推薦自己公司的產(chǎn)品,由此可推斷男士是一名銷售員,故C)為答案。
11.What is the woman’s position in her company?
B)。 對(duì)話中,女士告知男士格蘭德先生非常忙,沒空與男士說話,男士想找其他人商談,女士告訴他,他正和格蘭德先生的私人助理說話,即女士就是格蘭德先生的私人助理,故B)為答案。
12.What does the woman suggest the man do?
C)。 對(duì)話中,女士說let me suggest Something,由此可知,其后就是女士對(duì)男士的建議,即為該題的答案。對(duì)話中,女士建議男士將其公司產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的詳情以及其他公司的推薦信一并寄送過來,之后會(huì)和男士聯(lián)系,故C)為答案。
Conversation Two
M:Miss Yamada,( 13 ) did you ever think that you would find yourself living and working in the westernworld?
W:(13) No, not really, although I've always listened to recordings of great orchestras from Europe.
M:So you enjoyed classical music even when you were very young?
W:Oh, yes.! was only a child.
M:You were born in 1955.Is that right?
W:Yes, (14) I began violin lesSons at school when I was 6.
M:As young as that.Did you like it?
W:Oh, yes.Very much.
M:When did you first play on your own? I mean, when did you give your first performance?
W:I think I was 8...? No, 9.I just had my birthday a week before, and my father had bought me a new violin.
I played a small piece at the school concert.
M:Did you know then that you would become a professional violinist?
W:Yes, I think So.I enjoy playing the violin very much, and I didn't mind practicing, Sometimes three or four hours a day.
M:And when did you first come to Europe?
W:I was very lucky.When I was fifteen, I won a scholarship to a college in Paris.That was for a three-year course.
M :How did your parents feel about that?
W:I think they were pleased and worried at the same time.( 15 ) It was the chance of a lifetime.But ofcourse I would be thousands of miles from home.Anyway, I studied in Paris for three years and then wentback to Tokyo.
預(yù)覽三道題各選項(xiàng),由選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的violin,musician,music,orchestras,violinist和 performance等可以推測(cè),本對(duì)話與音樂有關(guān),內(nèi)容可能涉及女士成為小提琴演奏家的經(jīng)歷。結(jié)合各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的人稱代詞均為she或her可知,三個(gè)問題都是從女士的角度提問,因此女士的話是聽音時(shí)的重點(diǎn)。
13.What do we know about the woman before she went to Europe?
D)。 男士問女士是否想過會(huì)在西方世界生活和工作,女士回答說沒有,但是自己一直都聽歐洲大型管弦樂隊(duì)的唱片,由此可知女士在到歐洲之前聽過很多歐洲管弦樂隊(duì)的唱片,故D)是答案。
14.What does the woman say about her music experience?
A)。 男士問女士是否很小就喜歡古典音樂,女士給出肯定回答,并說自己六歲就開始在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)小提琴,故A)為答案。
15.What does the woman say about her study in Paris?
B)。 對(duì)話末尾,女士提到自己十五歲獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金到巴黎留學(xué),男士詢問女士父母對(duì)此有何感受,女士說她父母喜憂參半,因?yàn)檫@既是個(gè)千載難逢的機(jī)會(huì),也意味著她要遠(yuǎn)離故鄉(xiāng)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有B)與原文相符,故為答案。
Passage One
What makes a perSon famous? This is a mystery that many people have carefully thought about.All kinds of myths surround the lives of well-known people.Most people are familiar with the works of William Shakespeare, one of the greatest English writers of the 16th and 17th centuries.(16) Yet how many know Shakespeare the perSon, the man behind the works? After centuries of research, scholars are still trying to discover Shakespeare's perSonal history.It is not easily found in his writings.Authors of the time could not protect their works.An acting company, for example, could change a play if they wanted to.Nowadays, writers have copyrights that protect their work.
Many myths arose about Shakespeare.Some said he had no formal education.Others believed that he began his career by tending the horses of wealthy men.All of these myths are interesting, but are they true? Probably not.(17) Shakespeare's father was a respected man in Stratford-on-Avon, a member of the town council.He sent young William to grammar school.Most people of Elizabethan times did not continue beyond grammar school; So, Shakespeare did have, at least, an average education.(18) Some parts of Shakespeare's life will always remain unknown.The Great London Fire of 1666 burned many important documents that could have been a Source of clues.We will always be left with many questions and few facts.
預(yù)覽三道題各選項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)中都含有he,his或him這些人稱代詞,再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)中多次出現(xiàn)的詞匯 works,writers和Sources等可以推測(cè),短文可能與某位男作家相關(guān)。
16.What does the speaker say about William Shakespeare?
D)。 短文中作者先提出“有多少人了解莎士比亞本人”的問題,接著指出學(xué)者們經(jīng)過幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的研究之后,仍然在不斷探索他的個(gè)人史。由此可知,莎士比亞的個(gè)人史很少有人知道,故D)為答案。
17.What do we learn about Shakespeare’s father?
C)。 本題考查對(duì)莎士比亞父親的了解,由于使用的人稱代詞都是he,會(huì)對(duì)聽前預(yù)測(cè)造成一定的干擾,在聽錄音時(shí)應(yīng)注意將選項(xiàng)和短文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行匹配區(qū)別。文章中提到莎士比亞的父親受人尊敬,是埃文河畔斯特拉特福鎮(zhèn)議會(huì)的一名成員,故C)為答案。
18.Why does the speaker say parts of Shakespeare’s life will remain a mystery?
B)。 文章中提到1666年倫敦的一場(chǎng)大火把很多重要文件燒毀了,而這些本來可能是了解莎士比亞的線索,因此莎士比亞的一部分生活將永遠(yuǎn)不為人所知,故B)為答案。
Passage Two
Wherever you go and for whatever reaSon, it's important to be safe.(19) While the majority of people you will meet when travelling are sure to be friendly and welcoming, there are dangers--theft being the most common.
Just as in your home country, do not expect everyone you meet to be friendly and helpful.It's important to prepare for your trip in advance and to take precautions while you are travelling.(20) As you prepare for your trip, make sure you have the right paperwork.You don't want to get to your destination only to find you have the wrong visa, or worse, that your passport isn't valid any more.AlSo, make sure you travel with proper medical insurance, So that if you are sick or injured during your travels, you will be able to get treatment.If you want to drive while you are abroad, make sure you have an international driver's license.
(21) When you get to your destination, use official transport.Always go to bus and taxi stands.Don't accept rides from strangers who offer you a lift.If there is no meter in the taxi, agree on a price before you get in.If you prefer to stay in cheap hotels while travelling, make sure you can lock the door of your room from the inside.Finally, remember to smile.It's the friendliest and most sincere form of communication, and is sure to be understood in any part of the world !
預(yù)覽三道題各選項(xiàng),通過選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的theft,cheating,air crash,road accidents,local customs, reservations,book tickets,docm、aents,agent和transport等詞,可以推測(cè)這篇短文談?wù)摰氖锹糜纬鲂械脑掝}。
19.What is mentioned as a most common danger when people go travelling abroad?
A)。 短文開頭部分提到,人們?cè)谕獬雎糜螘r(shí)遇到的大部分人都是既友好又熱情的,但也會(huì)遇到很多危險(xiǎn),而其中最為常見的就是盜竊,故A)為答案。
20.What is the most important thing to do when you prepare for your trip abroad?
D)。 文中提到,在準(zhǔn)備出國(guó)旅游時(shí),一定要確保文件正確,誰都不想到了目的地卻發(fā)現(xiàn)簽證錯(cuò)誤、護(hù)照過期等情況。選項(xiàng)D)中的documents與文中的paperwork是同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故D)為答案。
21.What does the speaker suggest you do when you arrive at your destination?
C)。 文章最后給出建議:到達(dá)目的地后要選擇乘坐正規(guī)的交通工具,故C)為答案。
Passage Three
(25) The British are supposed to be famous for laughing at themselves, but even their sense of humour has a limit, as the British retailer Gerald Ratner found out to his cost.(22) When Ratner took over his father's chain of 130 jewelry shops in 1984, he introduced a very clear company policy.He decided that his shops should sell downmarket products at the lowest possible prices.It was a great success.The British public loved his cheap gold earrings and his tasteless silver ornaments.By 1991, Ratner's company had 2,400 shops and it was worth over 680 million pounds.But in April of that year, Gerald Ratner made a big mistake.(23) At a big meeting of top British businesspeople, he showed up and explained the secret of his success."People say' How can we sell our goods for such a low price?' I say ' Because they are abSolute rubbish.' " His audience roared with laughter.But the British newspapers and the British public were not So amused.(24) People felt insulted and stayed away from Ratner's shops.Sales fell and 6 months after his speech, Ratner's share price had fallen by 42%.The following year, things got worse and Gerald Rather was forced to resign.By the end of 1992, he lost his company, his career and his house.Even worse, 25,000 of his employees had lost their jobs.(25) It had been a very expensive joke.
預(yù)覽四道題各選項(xiàng),結(jié)合選項(xiàng)中的production,products,ornaments,sales promotion, businesspeople,humour和laughs at等詞可推斷本文和做生意有關(guān)系,可能涉及做生意需要的幽默。
22.What did Gerald Ratner decide to do when he took over his father’s shops?
B)。 短文提到,拉特納在1984年接管了父親的珠寶連鎖店后,決定以最低的價(jià)格賣出低檔產(chǎn)品,選項(xiàng)B)中sell inexpensive products是原文sell downmarket products的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,故B)為答案。
23.On what occasion did Gerald Ratner explain the secret of his success?
D)。 短文明確提到,在一次英國(guó)上層商人會(huì)議上,拉特納出席并解釋了自己成功的秘密,故D)為答案。
24.How did people feel when they learned of Gerald Ratner’s remarks?
A)。 短文提到,聽到拉特納的評(píng)論后,人們覺得受到了侮辱并遠(yuǎn)離拉特納的商店,故A)為答案。
25.What does the story of Gerald Ratner suggest?
C)。 短文開頭就點(diǎn)明了主題,提到英國(guó)人以自嘲聞名,但即使是對(duì)他們來說,幽默也應(yīng)該有限度,接著短文以拉特納的故事為例說明這個(gè)主題,文末再次強(qiáng)調(diào)“這個(gè)玩笑的代價(jià)太大了”,以此首尾呼應(yīng),告訴我們開玩笑要有度,故C)為答案。
26.prospering。 此處應(yīng)該填人一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞或形容詞,作is的表語(yǔ)。prospering意為“繁榮的”。
27.decade。 此處應(yīng)該填入表示時(shí)間的名詞,與前面的介詞during搭配。decade意為“十年”。
28.opposite。 此處應(yīng)該填入名詞。opposite意為“對(duì)立面”。
29.sustain。 此處應(yīng)該填入動(dòng)詞原形作從句謂語(yǔ),上文的先行詞reSource uses充當(dāng)其主語(yǔ)。sustain意為“保持,維持”。
30.In simple terms。 此處應(yīng)該填入副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。in simple terms意為“簡(jiǎn)言之”。
31.establish。 此處應(yīng)該填入動(dòng)詞原形,與其前面的help搭配,并且能和后面的way搭配。estabfish意為“建立,設(shè)立”。
32.reaSonably。 此處應(yīng)該填入副詞修飾well。reaSonably意為“尚可,還可以”。
33.take into account。 此處應(yīng)該填入動(dòng)詞原形或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。take into account意為“考慮,重視”。
34.misleading。 此處應(yīng)該填入形容詞來修飾sense。misleading意為“令人誤解的”。
35.using up。 此處應(yīng)該填人動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)來作介詞for的賓語(yǔ),并和forests進(jìn)行搭配。usingup意為“耗盡,用光”。
Part Ⅲ Readina Comorehension
美國(guó)教育部正在努力確保所有學(xué)生享有接受高質(zhì)量教育的乎等權(quán)利:今天,它(36)宣布開始實(shí)施“為所有學(xué)生提供優(yōu)秀教育工作者”的活動(dòng)方案。這一方案將幫助各州和各學(xué)區(qū)為那些有最迫切需要的學(xué)生提供優(yōu)秀教育工鋒者的支持.
“所有的孩子.不分種族、居住地及家庭收入,都應(yīng)(37)有權(quán)利接受高質(zhì)量的教育。為教師和校長(zhǎng)們提供幫助學(xué)生發(fā)揮全部(39)潛力所需的支持是(38)至關(guān)重要的,”美國(guó)教育部部長(zhǎng)阿恩鄧肯說!氨M管我們國(guó)家的教師和校長(zhǎng)們工作出色且全情(40)投入,全國(guó)各地那些極為貧困及少數(shù)民族聚集的學(xué)校的學(xué)生仍然受到不公正的對(duì)待:我們必須努力做到更好。地方官員和教育工作者都將(41)形成他們自己的創(chuàng)造性解決方案,但是我們必須共同努力,(42)增強(qiáng)我們對(duì)于如何更好地為所有學(xué)生招募、支持和(43)留住優(yōu)秀教師和校長(zhǎng)的關(guān)注,特別是那些最需要他們的孩子們!
今天的公告是改善獲得高質(zhì)量教育權(quán)利的又一重要步驟,是第44任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)總統(tǒng)行動(dòng)年的一個(gè)(44)組成部分。今天晚些時(shí)候,鄧肯部長(zhǎng)將帶領(lǐng)召開與來自全國(guó)各地的校長(zhǎng)和學(xué)校教師展開的圓桌會(huì)議,討論有關(guān)在高需求的學(xué)校工作面臨的(45)挑戰(zhàn)以及如何采取有前途的舉措以支持在這些學(xué)校的教育工作者:
名詞:C)challenges挑戰(zhàn);D)commitment投入,承諾;E)component組成部分,部件;F)contests比賽;L)potential潛力,可能性
動(dòng)詞:A)announcing宣布,宣稱;H)develop形成,發(fā)展;I)distributing分發(fā),散布;J)enhance增強(qiáng),提高;K)entitled使(某人)有權(quán)利;O)retain留用
形容詞:B)beneficial有利的,有益的;N)qualified勝任的,合格的
副詞:G)critically很大程度上,極為重要地;M)properly合理地,正確地
36.A)announcing。 動(dòng)詞辨析題。句首出現(xiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)today,空格位于系動(dòng)詞is和名詞短語(yǔ)thelaunch of…之間,因此空格處需要填人動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式,構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。前一句提到,美國(guó)教育部正在努力確保所有學(xué)生享有接受高質(zhì)量教育的平等權(quán)利。因此,空格處需要填人一個(gè)能夠與名詞launch構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配的動(dòng)詞,表示“宣布開始實(shí)施一項(xiàng)方案或活動(dòng)”。由此確定announcing為本題答案,意思是“宣布”。備選詞中,distributing意思是“分發(fā),散布”,與此處文意不符,且無法與launch構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配,故排除。
37.K)entitled。 動(dòng)詞辨析題。空格前面是系動(dòng)詞are,后面是介詞to及其賓語(yǔ),因此空格處需要填入形容詞作表語(yǔ)或者動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),并與介詞to搭配。上文提到,美國(guó)教育部今天宣布開始實(shí)施為所有學(xué)生提供優(yōu)秀教育工作者的活動(dòng)方案,本句解釋了實(shí)施此方案的原因,即所有孩子都應(yīng)有權(quán)利接受高質(zhì)量的教育。因此,空格處需要填人一個(gè)表示“有權(quán)利”或“有資格”的形容詞,且能夠與介詞to搭配,備選形容詞中只有entitled同時(shí)符合這兩項(xiàng)要求,由此確定其為本題答案。be entitled to意思是“有……資格”。備選詞中,beneficial意思是“有利的,有益的”,與此處文意不符,排除;qualified意思是“有資格的”,但不能與介詞to
搭配使用,因此也可以排除。
38.G)critically。 副詞辨析題?崭袂懊媸窍祫(dòng)詞is,后面是形容詞important,因此空格處需要填入一個(gè)副詞,用來修飾形容詞important。上句提到,所有的孩子,不分種族、居住地及家庭收入,都應(yīng)有權(quán)利接受高質(zhì)量的教育,本句承接上句,表明為教師和校長(zhǎng)們提供幫助學(xué)生發(fā)揮全部潛力所需支持的重要性。因此,空格處需要填入一個(gè)表示“非常,相當(dāng),很”的副詞,與important表達(dá)“至關(guān)重要”的意義,由此確定副詞critically為本題答案,意思是“很大程度上,極為重要地”。備選詞中,properly意思是“合理地,正確地”,與此處文意不符,因此可以排除。
39.L)potential。 名詞辨析題?崭袂懊鏋樾稳菰~性物主代詞their及形容詞hill,因此空格處需要填人一個(gè)名詞。本句提到要為教師和校長(zhǎng)們提供支持,而這些支持是為了幫助學(xué)生發(fā)揮其全部潛力。因此,空格處需要填入一個(gè)能與動(dòng)詞reach相搭配的名詞,且表達(dá)“潛力,能力”的意義,由此確定名詞potential為本題答案,意思是“潛力”。備選詞中,challenges意思是“挑戰(zhàn)”,commitment意思是“投入,承諾”,component意思是“組成部分,部件”,contests意思是“比賽”,均與此處文意不符,且不能與動(dòng)詞reach搭配,可以排除。
40.D)commitment。 名詞辨析題。空格前面為形容詞deep,后面為介詞of,因此空格處需要填人名詞。根據(jù)連詞and可以判斷,該名詞與and前面的excellentwork在意義上應(yīng)該是并列的,且根據(jù)上下文,此處要表達(dá)的意義是教師和校長(zhǎng)們工作出色且努力。因此,空格處的名詞表達(dá)的是“努力”或“投入”的意思,且為不可數(shù)的抽象名詞,備選詞中只有commitment一詞符合要求,由此確定其為本題答案。備選詞中的challenges和contests均為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,可以排除;component意思是“組成部分,部件”,與此處文意不符,且不能用deep進(jìn)行修飾,可以排除;potential已經(jīng)用過,直接排除。
41.H)develop。 動(dòng)詞辨析題?崭袂懊鏋橹鷦(dòng)詞will,后面為名詞短語(yǔ)their own creative Solutions,因此空格處需要填入動(dòng)詞原形,與will構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí)態(tài),并與名詞Solutions構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)。Solutions意思是“解決方案”,因此填入的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該表達(dá)“想出,找到”或“研究出,制定出”的意義。由此可以確定,動(dòng)詞develop為本題答案,意思是“形成”。備選詞中,enhance意思是“增強(qiáng),提高”,retain意思是“留用”,均不能與Solutions搭配,且與此處文意不符,因此可以排除。
42.J)enhance。 動(dòng)詞辨析題?崭袂懊媸莿(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)work together及動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to,后面是名詞短語(yǔ)our focus,因此空格處需要填入動(dòng)詞原形,且與Our focus構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配。根據(jù)上下文,教育部長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為我們必須共同努力增強(qiáng)對(duì)于某些問題的關(guān)注。因此,空格處填人的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該表達(dá)“增強(qiáng),增加”的意義,由此可以確定,動(dòng)詞enhance為本題答案,意思是“增強(qiáng),提高”。備選詞中,develop已經(jīng)用過,直接排除;retain意思是“留用”,與此處文意不符,也可以排除。
43.O)retain。 動(dòng)詞辨析題。根據(jù)and前面的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞recruit和support及其形式可以判斷,空格處需要填入的是動(dòng)詞原形,且與recruit和support構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系,recruit意思是“招募”,support意思是“支持,配備”,賓語(yǔ)都是空格后的effective teachers and principals,由此可以確定,動(dòng)詞retain為本題答案。
44.E)component。 名詞辨析題?崭袂懊媸遣欢ü谠~a,后面是介詞of,因此空格處需要填入可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。前面講到,今天的公告是改善獲得高質(zhì)量教育權(quán)利的又一重要步驟,而介詞of后面又提到了第44任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)總統(tǒng)行動(dòng)年,因此可以判斷今天的公告內(nèi)容是第44任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)總統(tǒng)行動(dòng)年的行動(dòng)內(nèi)容之一,空格處應(yīng)填入表示“內(nèi)容,組成部分”的名詞。由此可以確定名詞component為本題答案,意思是“組成部分”。備選詞中,commitment和potential已經(jīng)用過,直接排除;challenges和contests均為可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,也可以排除。
45.C)challenges。 名詞辨析題?崭袂懊媸嵌ü谠~the,后面是介詞of,因此空格處應(yīng)填入名詞形式。本句介紹的是鄧肯部長(zhǎng)將帶領(lǐng)召開與來自全國(guó)各地的校長(zhǎng)和學(xué)校教師展開的圓桌會(huì)議內(nèi)容,根據(jù)上下文,在高需求的學(xué)校工作必將面臨更多的挑戰(zhàn)或困難。因此,空格處填入的名詞可能表達(dá)“困難,問題”或“挑戰(zhàn)”的意義,由此可以判斷,名詞challenges為本題答案,意思是“挑戰(zhàn)”。備選詞中,commitment,potential和component均用過,直接排除;contests意思是“比賽”,與此處文意不符,也可以排除。
快餐業(yè)面臨的改變
A)快餐業(yè)不得不成為一個(gè)厚著臉皮生存的群體。健康專家因其向人們兜售令人肥胖的食品而不斷對(duì)其進(jìn)行猛烈抨擊。評(píng)論家們甚至抱怨說商標(biāo)代表超高熱量的麥當(dāng)勞不應(yīng)該獲準(zhǔn)贊助世界杯。(47)這些是快餐業(yè)已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)去處理的一些事情。但是,可能撐不了多久。當(dāng)漢堡企業(yè)準(zhǔn)備采取策略來對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的變化做出回應(yīng)時(shí),還面臨著來自監(jiān)管部門更多的壓力。
B)快餐曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為可以抵抗經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。(50)邏輯上,當(dāng)消費(fèi)者要削減開支時(shí),巨無霸和皇堡等便宜的食物會(huì)變得更有吸引力。在最近的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退中,當(dāng)快餐商家留住了那些在休閑餐館也付不起錢的消費(fèi)者時(shí),這樣的“降級(jí)消費(fèi)”得以證明。在美國(guó),這個(gè)快餐的發(fā)源地,伴隨著快餐業(yè)的打折活動(dòng)以及促銷活動(dòng),例如推出l美元菜單和便宜的什錦飯,快餐店客流也變得興旺起來。
C)結(jié)果,快餐連鎖企業(yè)比那些貴一點(diǎn)的同行們更好地度過了這次經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。在2009年美國(guó)提供全方位服務(wù)的餐館的營(yíng)業(yè)額與以前同期相比有超過6%的降幅,但是快餐連鎖企業(yè)的營(yíng)業(yè)額卻依然保持不變。其他國(guó)家的市場(chǎng),如日本、法國(guó)和英國(guó),在快餐上的整體消費(fèi)呈增長(zhǎng)態(tài)勢(shì)。在美國(guó)同行業(yè)的營(yíng)業(yè)額中,世界上最大的快餐企業(yè)麥當(dāng)勞在沒有下滑的情況下度過了經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期。以其新鮮原料聞名的美國(guó)快餐連鎖店帕尼羅面包同樣表現(xiàn)良好,因?yàn)樗员蕊埖甑土膬r(jià)格提供了更高質(zhì)量的食品。
D)但并非所有的快餐企業(yè)都如此幸運(yùn)。諸如漢堡王等許多企業(yè)的營(yíng)業(yè)額就有所下滑。(51)在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的嚴(yán)峻時(shí)期,盡管一些人降級(jí)消費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)向快餐,但許多人為了省錢而更頻繁地在家里吃飯。瑞士聯(lián)合銀行的分析師大衛(wèi)帕爾曼表示,在美國(guó),一些小型的快餐連鎖店,如玩偶匣和卡樂星,在這次經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退中受到了特別嚴(yán)重的沖擊,因?yàn)樗鼈円c麥當(dāng)勞這樣的全球性快餐巨頭進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。去年,在其他企業(yè)都減少?gòu)V告投入的情況下,麥當(dāng)勞在廣告宣傳土的投入?yún)s增加了7%多。
E)一些快餐企業(yè)還不惜犧牲自己的利潤(rùn)試圖給顧客們更好的優(yōu)惠。(52)在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間,很多商家采取低價(jià)策略,他們期望一旦吸引顧客進(jìn)門,就能夠勸說他們購(gòu)買稍貴的產(chǎn)品。但在多數(shù)情況下,這種策略并不奏效。去年,漢堡王的特許經(jīng)銷商就因?yàn)殡p層奶酪漢堡的促銷活動(dòng)而起訴該公司,聲稱以l美元出售這些成本價(jià)為1.10美元的產(chǎn)品對(duì)他們來說是不公平的。五月份法官裁決表示支持漢堡王。盡管如此,這家公司可能還是要咒罵其做出的促銷便宜菜品而不是更高價(jià)菜品的決定,因?yàn)檫@些“實(shí)惠菜單”上的菜品在銷售總額中所占的比例從去年lo月的l2%上升到了現(xiàn)在的20%。
F)(54)分析人士對(duì)今年快餐業(yè)的適度增長(zhǎng)有所期待。但是衰退的形勢(shì)促使商家重新考慮他們的策略。現(xiàn)在許多商家推出一些價(jià)格稍高的商品試圖將消費(fèi)者從1美元的特價(jià)商品中吸引回來。擁有塔可鐘和必勝客的百勝餐飲集團(tuán)的旗下品牌肯德基已經(jīng)推出了一款售價(jià)約5美元的雞肉三明治。五月份漢堡王推出了7美元八個(gè)的烤豬排。
G)許多快餐企業(yè)也試圖讓消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買包括飲料在內(nèi)的更多新產(chǎn)品。麥當(dāng)勞開始銷售更優(yōu)質(zhì)的咖啡作為對(duì)星巴克的挑戰(zhàn)。它的“麥克咖啡”系列在美國(guó)本土的銷售量約占6%。(48)星巴克已經(jīng)將它的西雅圖最好咖啡的品牌版權(quán)出售給了漢堡王,該咖啡將在今年晚些時(shí)候開始銷售。
H)因?yàn)殇N售策略從“大尺寸”向“更多買家”轉(zhuǎn)變,快餐商家需要維持一天的高客流量。(53)許多商家看到了早餐市場(chǎng)的巨大商機(jī),而不是僅僅出售高脂肪的食物。麥當(dāng)勞明年將在美國(guó)銷售粥類食物。伯恩斯坦調(diào)查公司的分析師莎拉塞納托爾表示,早餐市場(chǎng)具有很好的賺錢潛力,因?yàn)槠淅麧?rùn)相當(dāng)高?觳蜕碳乙苍谠黾又形绾鸵雇硇〕缘姆N類,例如混合型飲料及包裝食品。其想法是,通過在菜單上涵蓋更廣的范圍,“我們可以賣給消費(fèi)者他們一整天都需要的食物,”百勝集團(tuán)首席財(cái)務(wù)官瑞克卡如茨說道。
I)但是那些越長(zhǎng)越粗的腰圍怎么辦呢?到目前為止,快餐企業(yè)已經(jīng)聰明地避開了政府的監(jiān)管。(49)通過提供一些健康的選擇,像沙拉和低熱量的三明治,這些企業(yè)至少給人們留下了采取行動(dòng)幫助對(duì)抗肥胖的印象。提供的這些東西未必是虧本特賣品,因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)鰪?qiáng)了廉價(jià)食品店對(duì)食客群體,包括不想吃漢堡的人們的吸引力。但是消費(fèi)者不能被強(qiáng)制點(diǎn)沙拉來代替薯?xiàng)l。
J)在未來,簡(jiǎn)單提供一些健康的可供選擇的食品可能是不夠的。“每一個(gè)我所了解的包裝食品和餐館企業(yè)現(xiàn)在都在關(guān)心法律規(guī)定,”瑞銀集團(tuán)的帕爾曼先生表示。(55)今年美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)通過的健康改革法案要求擁有20家及以上連鎖店的餐館將它們所供應(yīng)的食品卡路里含量印制在菜單上。一項(xiàng)由美國(guó)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)研究局開展的對(duì)2007年在紐約推出的相似熱量張貼法案對(duì)星巴克的影響跟蹤調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),在旁邊有唐恩都樂連鎖店的情況下,星巴克每次交易中的平均熱量值減少了6%,而收益增長(zhǎng)了3%——也就是說,這些菜單標(biāo)簽有助于這些連鎖企業(yè)提供更健康的菜品。
K)為了避免與美國(guó)和其他地方的法規(guī)起沖突,快餐企業(yè)將不得不繼續(xù)創(chuàng)新。麥當(dāng)勞的沃特瑞克宣稱其公司已經(jīng)對(duì)菜單進(jìn)行了改良,這意味著麥當(dāng)勞與幾年前相比會(huì)提供更多健康的食品!芭c世界上的其他餐飲企業(yè)相比,我們可能會(huì)銷售更多的蔬菜、更多的牛奶、更多的沙拉以及更多的蘋果,”他說道。(46)但是加利福尼亞州的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)最近提出一項(xiàng)議案,即禁止麥當(dāng)勞在其高熱量的“快樂套餐”中附贈(zèng)玩具,因?yàn)榱⒎ㄕ邆冋J(rèn)為這會(huì)引誘孩子們?nèi)コ圆唤】档氖澄,這表明還有更多事情等著快餐企業(yè)去做。
46.Some people propose laws be madeto stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.
有些人提議立法來禁止麥當(dāng)勞將玩具附贈(zèng)到為孩子提供的特價(jià)食品上。
由題干中的propose laws和toys定位到文章K)段畫線處。
K) In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere,fast-food companies will have to continue innovating (創(chuàng)新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menu means it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago."We probably sell more vegetables, more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he says.But the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie " Happy Meals ", because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there is a lot more left to do.
47.Fast-food firms may not be able tocopewithpressuresfromfoodregulation in the near future.
快餐企業(yè)在不久的將來可能不能處理來自食品法規(guī)的壓力。
由題干中的cope with,pressures和food regulation定位到文章A)段畫線處。
A)Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch.Healthexperts regularly criticise them severely for selling food thatmakes people fat.Critics even complain that McDonald's,whose logo symbolises calorie excess, should not have beenallowed to sponSor the World Cup.These are things fast-foodfirms have learnt to cope with.But not perhaps for muchlonger.The burger business faces more pressure fromregulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies inresponse to shifts in the global economy.
48.Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Bestcoffee to increase sales.
漢堡王將開始出售西雅圖最好咖啡來提高銷售額。
由題干中的Burger rang和Seattle’sBest coffee定位到文章G)段畫線處。
G) Companies are alSo trying to get customers to buynew and more items, including drinks.McDonald'sstarted selling better coffee as a challenge toStarbucks.Its "McCafe" line now accounts for anestimated 6% of sales in America.Starbucks has Soldrights to its Seattle's Best coffee brand to BurgerKing, which will start selling it later this year.
49.Some fast-food firms provide healthyfood to give the impression they arehelping to tackle the obesity problem.
一些快餐企業(yè)提供健康食品以給人留下他們?cè)趲椭鉀Q肥胖問題的印象。
由題干中的healthy food,give the impression和obesity定位到文章I)段畫線處。
I) But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-foodfirms havecleverly avoided government regulation.By providing healthy options, like salads and low-caloriesandwiches, they have at least given the impression ofdoing Something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖癥).These offerings are not necessarily loss-leaders, as theybroaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners that includeSome people who don't want to eat a burger.But customerscannot be forced to order salads instead of fries.
50.During therecession,manycustomers turned to fast food tosave money.
在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期,很多顧客為了省錢都轉(zhuǎn)向快餐。
由題干中的recession,customers和fast food定位到文章B)段畫線處。
B)Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof.When consumers need to cut spending, the logic goes, cheap mealslike Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.Such"trading down" proved true for much of the latest recession,when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants.Traffic was boosted inAmerica, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions,such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.
51.Many people eat out less often tosave money in times of recession.
在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退時(shí)期,很多人為了省錢而減少在外吃飯的次數(shù)。
由題于中的eat out,save money和recession定位到文章D)段西線處。
D) But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate.Many,such as Burger King, have seen sales fall.In a severe recession,while Some people trade down to fast food, many others eat athome more frequently to save money.David Palmer, an analystat UBS, a bank, says smaller fast-food chains in America, suchas Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hardin this downturn because they are competing with the global giantMcDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by morethan 7% last year as others cut back.
52.During the recession, BurgerKing's promotional strategy ofofferinglow-priceditemSoften proved ineffective.
在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退時(shí)期,漢堡王提供低價(jià)食品的促銷策略常常被證明是沒有效果的。
由題干中的Burger King,strategy和low-priced items定位到文章E)段畫線處。
E)Some fast-food companies alSo sacrificed their own profits by tryingto give customers better value.During the recession companies setprices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers throughthe door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items.But in many cases that strategy did not work.Last year BurgerKing franchisees (特許經(jīng)營(yíng)人) sued (起訴) the company over itsdouble-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them tobe required to sell these for $1 when they cost $1.10 to make.In May a judge ruled in favour of Burger King.Nevertheless, thecompany may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choiceSover more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" nowaccount for around 20% of all sales, up from 12% last October.
53.Fast-foodrestaurantscanmakealotofmoney by sellingbreakfast.
通過賣早餐,快餐店能夠賺很多錢。
由題干中的selling breakfast定位到文章H)段畫線處。
H) As fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they needto keep customer traffic high throughout the day.Many see breakfast as abig opportunity, and not just for fatty food.McDonald's will start sellingporridge (粥) in America next year.Breakfast has the potential to bevery profitable, says Sara Senatore of Berustein, a research firm, becausethe margins can be high.Fast-food companies are alSo adding midday andlate-night snacks, such as blended drinks and wraps.The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, "we can sell to consumers products they want all day, "says Rick Carucci, the chief financial officer of Yum ! Brands.
54.Manyfast-foodcompaniesnowexpect to increase their revenue byintroducing higher-priced items.
很多快餐企業(yè)現(xiàn)在期望通過推出高價(jià)產(chǎn)品來增加收益。
由題干中的introducing higher-priced items定位到文章F)段畫線處。
F) Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly thisyear.But the downturn is malting companies rethink theirstrategies.Many are now introducing higher-priced itemsto entice (引誘) consumers away from $1 specials.KFC, adivision of Yum! Brands, which alSo owns Taco Bell and Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costsaround $ 5.And in May Burger King introduced barbecue (燒烤) pork ribs at $ 7 for eight.
55.A newly-passed law asks bigfast-food chains to specify thecalorie count of what theyserve on the menu.
一項(xiàng)新通過的法律要求大型快餐連鎖企業(yè)在菜單上詳細(xì)標(biāo)明它們供應(yīng)的食品卡路里含量。
由題干中的a newlypassed law,specify the calorie count和menu定位到文章J)段畫線處。
J) In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be goodenough."Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know isconcerned about regulation right now," says Mr.Palmer of UBS.America's health-reform bill, which Congress passed thisyear, requires restaurant chains with 20 or more outlets to put thecalorie-content of items they serve on the menu.A study by theNational Bureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effectSon Starbucks of a similar calorie-posting law in New York City in2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6%and revenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a DunkinDonuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it is said, that menu-labellingcould favour chains that have more healthy offerings.
Passage One
(56)如果你認(rèn)為高指數(shù)的防曬霜能夠使你免遭有害射線的輻射,那你可能就錯(cuò)了。(57)本周《自然》雜查的一項(xiàng)研究表明,盡管防曬指數(shù)為50的防曬霜能夠減少黑瘤的數(shù)量,并延緩其出現(xiàn),但卻并不能阻止其發(fā)生。黑瘤是最具侵犯性的皮膚癌。如果你擁有紅發(fā)或金發(fā)、淺色皮膚、藍(lán)色或綠色眼睛,或者容易曬傷,又或者有近親患此疾病,那么你將有相對(duì)較高的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果你周期性地暴露于強(qiáng)烈的陽(yáng)光下,黑瘤則更為常見。長(zhǎng)期暴露于陽(yáng)光下.其他皮膚癌也越來越有可能發(fā)生。
對(duì)于防曬霜減少黑瘤的有效性一直存在爭(zhēng)議——比起對(duì)于預(yù)防其他類型的皮膚癌,其證據(jù)更加乏力。(58)2011年澳大利亞一項(xiàng)涉及l(fā),621人的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),隨機(jī)抽取的每天使用防曬霜的人群患黑瘤的幾率是需要時(shí)才使用面霜的人群的一半。第二項(xiàng)研究則將l,167名患有黑瘤的人和l,101名未患這種癌癥的人進(jìn)行對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)日常使用防
曬霜,并且同時(shí)使用帽子、長(zhǎng)袖衫、躲在陰涼地方等其他防護(hù)措施的人,的確對(duì)這種疾病具有某些防護(hù)性。這項(xiàng)研究指出,其他形式的防曬措施——不是防曬霜——似乎最為有益。(59)此研究基于人們對(duì)他們一生中每個(gè)十年所采取防曬措施的記憶,因此并不完全可靠。但是認(rèn)為防曬霜給人們錯(cuò)誤防曬意識(shí)似乎又是合理的。
許多人使用防曬霜的方法也并不正確——用量不足、幾小時(shí)后未能重新涂抹以及過長(zhǎng)時(shí)間暴露于陽(yáng)光下。曬傷才是最令人擔(dān)憂的問題——最近的一項(xiàng)研究顯示,青少年時(shí)期五次曬傷的經(jīng)歷就足以增加所有皮膚癌的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
(60)好消息是,正如澳大利亞人“套上-涂上-扣上”運(yùn)動(dòng)的數(shù)據(jù)所顯示的,綜合使用防曬霜和皮膚遮蓋措施能夠降低黑瘤發(fā)病率。因此,如果今年夏天有熱浪,我們也最好套上T恤,抹上防曬霜,并且扣上帽子。
56.B)。
由題干中的high—factor sunscreen定位到首段第一句:If you think a high—factor sunscreen
(防曬霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays,you may be wrong.
推理判斷題。文章開篇即指出,如果你認(rèn)為高指數(shù)的防曬霜能夠使你免遭有害射線的輻射,那你可能就錯(cuò)了。由此可見,對(duì)于防曬霜能夠保護(hù)皮膚不受傷害的這種誤解是非常普遍的,因此,人們對(duì)于高指數(shù)防曬霜的普遍預(yù)期是它將保護(hù)人們不被太陽(yáng)曬傷.故答案為B)。
A)“它將延緩皮膚癌的發(fā)生”,本段第二句指出,一項(xiàng)研究表明,盡管防曬指數(shù)為50的防曬霜能夠減少黑瘤的數(shù)量,并延緩其出現(xiàn),但卻并不能阻止其發(fā)生,因此排除;C)“它將保持他們的皮膚光滑白皙”,文章并未提及,排除;D)“它對(duì)于任何膚色的人都會(huì)起作用”,本段第四句提到了淺色皮膚的人更容易被曬傷,但是文章并未涉及防曬霜對(duì)于各種膚色人群的作用,因此排除。
57.A)。
由題干中的research in Nature定位到首段第二句:Research in this week’s Nature shows
that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence.it can't prevent them.
事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章首段第二句提到,本周《自然》雜志的一項(xiàng)研究表明,盡管防曬指數(shù)為50的防曬霜能夠減少黑瘤的數(shù)量,并延緩其出現(xiàn),但卻并不能阻止其發(fā)生。由此可見,此項(xiàng)研究表明高指數(shù)的防曬霜并不能有效阻止黑瘤的發(fā)生,故答案為A)。
B)“它在強(qiáng)烈光照的情況下是無效的”,定位句并未提及光照強(qiáng)度與防曬霜效果之間的關(guān)系,因此排除;C)“它對(duì)于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間暴露于陽(yáng)光下無效”,本段第五句提到,如果你周期性地暴露于強(qiáng)烈的陽(yáng)光下,黑瘤則更為常見,但并未涉及防曬霜效果問題,因此排除;D)“它對(duì)于淺色皮膚的人無效”,本段第四句提到,如果擁有紅發(fā)或金發(fā)、淺色皮膚、藍(lán)色或綠色眼睛,或者容易曬傷,又或者有近親患此疾病,將有相對(duì)較高的患黑瘤這種癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),這里提到了淺色皮膚的人屬于黑瘤高發(fā)人群,也未將其與防曬霜的作用相聯(lián)系,因此也排除。
58.D)。
由題干中的the 2011 Australian study of l,621 people定位到第二段第二句:A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.
推理判斷題。文章第二段首句指出,對(duì)于防曬霜減少黑瘤的有效性一直存在爭(zhēng)議,第二句則舉例說明,提到2011年澳大利亞一項(xiàng)涉及1,621人的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),隨機(jī)抽取的每天使用防曬霜的人群患黑瘤的幾率是需要時(shí)才使用面霜的人群的一半。由此可知,根據(jù)此項(xiàng)研究,每天使用防曬霜的確能夠降低患黑瘤的幾率,即堅(jiān)持使用防曬霜是有一定效果的,故答案為D)。
A)“防曬霜應(yīng)該與其他防護(hù)措施同時(shí)使用”,本題的題干是我們能夠從2011年澳大利亞一項(xiàng)涉及l(fā),621人的研究中獲知什么,而此選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是下文提到的第二項(xiàng)研究的發(fā)現(xiàn),不符合題意,因此排除;B)“高危人群從防曬霜的使用中獲益最多”,此項(xiàng)研究并未涉及防曬霜對(duì)于高危人群的作用,排除; C)“防曬霜的無規(guī)律使用對(duì)女性來說弊大于利”,文章并未提及.因此排除。
59.C)。
由題干中的the second Australian study定位到第二段第五句:The study relied on people
remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, So it's not entirelv reliable,
推理判斷題。該段第三、四句承接上文,介紹了澳大利亞的第二項(xiàng)相關(guān)研究,第五句則是作者對(duì)研究過程與結(jié)果的主觀評(píng)論,指出,由于此研究基于人們對(duì)他們一生中每個(gè)十年所采取防曬措施的回憶,因此并不完全可靠。由此可見,此研究并不是基于對(duì)被研究對(duì)象的直接觀察,故答案為C)。
A)“它誤導(dǎo)人們依靠防曬霜作為防護(hù)”,根據(jù)該段第三、四句,此項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),日常使用防曬霜,并且同時(shí)使用帽子、長(zhǎng)袖衫、躲在陰涼地方等其他防護(hù)措施的人,的確對(duì)這種疾病具有某些防護(hù)性,還指出,其他形式的防曬措施——不是防曬霜——似乎最為有益,可見,這并不會(huì)對(duì)使用防曬霜的人們?cè)斐烧`導(dǎo),因此排除;B)“它幫助人們選擇最有效的防曬霜”,此項(xiàng)研究并未提及防曬霜的選擇問題,因此排除;D)“它證實(shí)了澳大利亞第一項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果”,根據(jù)該段第二句,第一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了防曬霜的有效性,而第三、四句則指出第二項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)論是防曬霜需要與其他防曬措施共同使用,且其他防曬措施可能更為有效.可見第二項(xiàng)研究并非證實(shí)第一項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果,因此排除。
60.A)。
由題干中的reduce melanoma rates定位到第四段:The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign.So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上) sunscreen and slap on a hat.
推理判斷題。文章第四段第一句提到,正如澳大利亞人“套上一涂上一扣上”運(yùn)動(dòng)的數(shù)據(jù)所顯示的,綜合使用防曬霜和皮膚遮蓋措施能夠降低黑瘤發(fā)病率,第二句據(jù)此提出作者自己的觀點(diǎn)和建議:如果今年夏天有熱浪,我們也最好套上T恤,抹上防曬霜,并且扣上帽子。也就是說,作者建議我們同時(shí)使用防曬霜和衣服、帽子等其他防護(hù)措施,故答案為A)。
B)“盡可能躲在陰涼的地方”,文章第二段提及的第二項(xiàng)研究提到了躲在陰涼地方這種防護(hù)措施,但是作者并未對(duì)此進(jìn)行評(píng)論和推薦,因此排除;C)“使用遮擋的防護(hù)措施代替防曬霜”,根據(jù)文章第四段,作者推薦綜合使用各種防護(hù)措施,并未建議放棄使用防曬霜,因此排除;D)“使用適量的防曬霜”,文章第三段介紹了許多人對(duì)防曬霜的錯(cuò)誤使用方法,其中之一是用量不足,但這并非作者的建議內(nèi)容,因此排除。
Passage Two
(61)在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,與技術(shù)水平較低的人相比,受教育程度較高的人工作年限越來越長(zhǎng)。年齡在62歲到74歲的美國(guó)人中,擁有專業(yè)學(xué)位的人約有65%仍然處在勞動(dòng)大軍之中,而只擁有高中學(xué)歷的人只有32%尚在工作。(62)這一差距正是不斷加劇的高學(xué)歷高收入富人與無技術(shù)低收入窮人之間兩極分化的部分表現(xiàn)。迅速發(fā)展墮技術(shù)使高技術(shù)人群的收入增加,同時(shí)也壓縮了無技術(shù)人群的收入。無論對(duì)于個(gè)人還是社會(huì),其影響都頗為深遠(yuǎn)。世界正在面臨老齡人口數(shù)量驚人的增長(zhǎng),而他們將比以往任何時(shí)候都更長(zhǎng)壽。在接下來的20年里,全球65歲及以上的人口數(shù)量將幾乎翻一番,從6億增加至ll億。(63)20世紀(jì),更加長(zhǎng)壽造成了退休生活的年份更長(zhǎng)而不是工作的年份更長(zhǎng),這一經(jīng)歷使得觀察家們相信,這一變化將導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)減緩,同時(shí),退休金申領(lǐng)人數(shù)的激增將產(chǎn)生政府預(yù)算問題。
但是,工作中的年輕人與清閑的老年人之間出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重分化的這一概念忽略了一個(gè)新的趨勢(shì),即不斷增大的高技術(shù)人群與無技術(shù)人群之間的差距。年輕的無技術(shù)人群的就業(yè)率下降,而老齡的高技術(shù)人群工作年份卻越來越長(zhǎng)。這一分化在美國(guó)表現(xiàn)得最為嚴(yán)重,二戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期出生的高學(xué)歷美國(guó)人正一再推遲退休,而很多技術(shù)較低的年輕人卻被擠出勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)。
政策是一方面的原因。(64)許多歐洲國(guó)家政府已經(jīng)摒棄了曾鼓勵(lì)人們盡早退休的政策。預(yù)期壽命的延長(zhǎng)以及慷慨的固定養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃被不再慷慨的固定繳費(fèi)養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃所替代,這些都意味著甚至有錢人也必須延長(zhǎng)工作年限以獲得舒適的退休生活。但是,工作性質(zhì)的變化也起到了很大作用。對(duì)那些高學(xué)歷人士而言,工作報(bào)酬在大幅增加,這些人將繼續(xù)獲得較高的收入,直到老年,因?yàn)楫?dāng)今的老齡高學(xué)歷人群比上一代人工作更有成效。(65)技術(shù)革新可能將進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)這一轉(zhuǎn)變:作為計(jì)算機(jī)的補(bǔ)充的技能,從經(jīng)營(yíng)管理技巧到創(chuàng)新能力,都不會(huì)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而衰退。
61.B)。
由題干中的rich countries定位到首段第一句:Across the rich world,well educated people increasinglv work longer than the less.skilled.
事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章開篇即指出,在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,與技術(shù)水平較低的人相比,受教育程度較高的人工作年限越來越長(zhǎng)。由此可見,目前在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的勞動(dòng)力大軍中,學(xué)歷較高的人工作時(shí)間更長(zhǎng),故答案為B)。
A)“年輕人正在取代老年人”,根據(jù)本段第二句的介紹,年齡在62歲到74歲的美國(guó)人中,擁有專業(yè)學(xué)位的人約有65%仍然處在勞動(dòng)大軍之中,可見年輕人并未取代老年人,因此排除;C)“失業(yè)率正在逐年遞增”和D)“沒有大學(xué)學(xué)位的人找工作很困難”,文章并未提及,因此排除。
62.B)。
由題干中的deepen the divide定位到首段第三、四句:This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskiUed poor.Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skiUed while Soueezing those of the unslkilled.
事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章首段第三句承接上文指出,這一差距正是不斷加劇的高學(xué)歷高收入富人與無技術(shù)低收入窮人之間兩極分化的部分表現(xiàn)。第四句進(jìn)一步分析了原因,即迅速發(fā)展的技術(shù)使高技術(shù)人群的收入增加,同時(shí)也壓縮了那些無技術(shù)人群的收入。由此可見,迅速發(fā)展的技術(shù)就是加劇貧富差距的主要原因,故答案為B)。
A)“更長(zhǎng)的預(yù)期壽命”,本段內(nèi)容中并未提及預(yù)期壽命的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,因此排除;C)“勞動(dòng)人口的深層次變化”,本段并未涉及勞動(dòng)力結(jié)構(gòu)的深層次變化問題,因此排除;D)“高學(xué)歷人才數(shù)量的增加”,本段第二句提到,年齡在62歲到74歲的美國(guó)人中,擁有專業(yè)學(xué)位的人約有65%仍然處在勞動(dòng)大軍之中,但并未指出高學(xué)歷人才的數(shù)量較之前有所增加,因此也排除。
63.A)。
由題干中的the experience of the 20th century定位到第二段第三句:The expenence of the 20th century, when greater longevity (長(zhǎng)壽) translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.
事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段第三句指出,20世紀(jì),更加長(zhǎng)壽造成了退休生活的年份更長(zhǎng)而不是工作的年份更長(zhǎng),這一經(jīng)歷使得觀察家們相信,這一變化將導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)減緩,同時(shí),退休金申領(lǐng)人數(shù)的激增將產(chǎn)生政府預(yù)算問題。由此可知,根據(jù)20世紀(jì)的經(jīng)歷,觀察家們預(yù)測(cè)到的問題之一是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)將減緩,故答案為A)。
B)“政府預(yù)算將增加”,根據(jù)本段第三句內(nèi)容,觀察家們預(yù)測(cè)到兩個(gè)問題,一是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)減緩,二是政府預(yù)算問題,并未說明預(yù)算會(huì)增加,因此排除;C)“更多人將努力接受高等教育”,文章中并未提及觀察家們對(duì)人們態(tài)度變化的預(yù)測(cè),因此排除;D)“就業(yè)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)將更加激烈”,文章中并未指出觀察家們對(duì)就業(yè)市場(chǎng)變化的預(yù)測(cè),因此也排除。
64.C)。
由題干中的policy changes in European countries定位到第四段的第二、三句:Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy (預(yù)期壽命), combined with the replacement of generous defmed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement.
事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第四段第二句和第三句提到,許多歐洲國(guó)家政府已經(jīng)摒棄了曾鼓勵(lì)人們盡早退休的政策。預(yù)期壽命的延長(zhǎng)以及慷慨的固定養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃被不再慷慨的固定繳費(fèi)養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃所替代,這些都意味著甚至有錢人也必須延長(zhǎng)工作年限以獲得舒適的退休生活。由此可知,政策的變化帶來的后果是甚至有錢人也不得不為了在退休后過上舒適的生活而延長(zhǎng)工作年限,故答案為C)。
A)“無技術(shù)的人可能選擇盡早退休”,根據(jù)文章第四段第二句,許多歐洲國(guó)家政府已經(jīng)摒棄了曾鼓勵(lì)人們盡早退休的政策,可見,人們可能都會(huì)因此而延長(zhǎng)工作時(shí)間,因此排除;B)“更多的人不得不接受在職培訓(xùn)”,文章中并未提及職業(yè)培訓(xùn)問題,因此排除;D)“人們可能會(huì)從養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃中獲得慷慨的固定福利”,根據(jù)第四段第三句,慷慨的固定養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃被不再慷慨的固定繳費(fèi)養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃所替代,可見養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃已經(jīng)修改,早已不再像從前那樣慷慨,因此排除。
65.D)。
由題干中的characteristic of work定位到第四段第四至六句:But the changing nature of work alSo plays a big role.Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation.Technological change may well reinforce that shift:the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.
推理判斷題。文章第四段第四句提到,工作性質(zhì)的變化也起到了很大作用,第五句進(jìn)而對(duì)工
作性質(zhì)的變化進(jìn)行了分析,指出對(duì)那些高學(xué)歷人士而言,工作報(bào)酬在大幅增加,這些人將繼續(xù)獲得較高的收入,直到老年,因?yàn)楫?dāng)今的老齡高學(xué)歷人群比上一代人工作更有成效,第六句對(duì)上文進(jìn)行了總結(jié),得出結(jié)論,技術(shù)革新可能將進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)這一轉(zhuǎn)變:作為計(jì)算機(jī)的補(bǔ)充的技能,從經(jīng)營(yíng)管理技巧到創(chuàng)新能力,都不會(huì)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而衰退。由此可見,21世紀(jì)的工作特點(diǎn)是,比起年齡問題,經(jīng)營(yíng)管理技巧、創(chuàng)新能力等技能將更加被看重,故答案為D)。
A)“計(jì)算機(jī)將承擔(dān)更復(fù)雜的工作”,文章第四段的末句提到從經(jīng)營(yíng)管理技巧到創(chuàng)新能力,都是作為計(jì)算機(jī)的補(bǔ)充的技能,因此更復(fù)雜的工作仍然是由人來承擔(dān)的,而非計(jì)算機(jī),故排除;B)“史多的工作將由年輕的高學(xué)歷人才承擔(dān)”,根據(jù)文章第四段的內(nèi)容,作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是老齡高學(xué)歷人群比上一代人工作更有成效,因此相對(duì)于年輕人,年齡較長(zhǎng)的高學(xué)歷人才將更受歡迎,故排除;C)“大多數(shù)工作將是創(chuàng)造性的”,文章末句提到創(chuàng)新能力可以作為計(jì)算機(jī)的補(bǔ)充,可見,除了創(chuàng)新性工作之外,仍有大量的其他工作需要計(jì)算機(jī)完成,因此也排除。
Part Ⅳ Translation
China is one of the most ancient civilizations across the world, from which many elements that construct the foundation of the modem world are derived.Now China has the world's fastest growing economy and is experiencing a new industrial revolution.It has alSo launched an ambitious space exploration plan, including the building of a space station by 2020.Currently, being one of the largest exporters in the world, China is attracting massive foreign investment.Meanwhile, it has invested billions of dollars overseas as well.In 2011, China surpassed Japan, becoming the second largest economic entity in the world.
1.翻譯第一句時(shí)需要注意,“……之一”的表述中,名詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式,“最古老的文明之一”剛譯為one of themost ancient civilizations或one of the oldest civilizations。
2.翻譯第二句時(shí),需要注意句子的主干為“元素起源于中國(guó)”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“起源于”可譯為be derived from或originate from;定語(yǔ)“構(gòu)成現(xiàn)代世界基礎(chǔ)的”較長(zhǎng),可處理為定語(yǔ)從旬來修飾先行詞“元素”;“構(gòu)成……基礎(chǔ)”可譯為cons.Ia-uct the foundation of或form the basis of。由于第一句和第二句均為簡(jiǎn)單句,都出現(xiàn)了“中國(guó)”一詞,翻譯時(shí)既可以單獨(dú)成句,也可以合二為一。本譯文采用后者,將第一句作為主句,第二句處理為定語(yǔ)從句,用介詞+which來引導(dǎo),修飾第一句中的China,從而使譯文更加簡(jiǎn)潔連貫。
3.翻譯第三句時(shí),需要注意該句主語(yǔ)為“中國(guó)”,旬中有兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)“擁有”和“經(jīng)歷”!皳碛小北硎镜氖强陀^事實(shí),可采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),“正經(jīng)歷著”強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)前的情況,可采用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);“工業(yè)革命”可譯為industrialrevolution。
4.第四句中“太空探索計(jì)劃”可直譯為space exploration plan,也可意譯為plan for exploring the outer space;“啟動(dòng)”可譯為launch或start。
5.第五句和第三句結(jié)構(gòu)相似,該句有兩種譯法?梢苑g為兩個(gè)并列的簡(jiǎn)單句,也可以將“中國(guó)正在吸引大量外國(guó)投資’’譯為主句,時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí);“是世界最大的出口國(guó)之一”采用非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),譯為being one of thelargest exporters in the world,避免單調(diào)和重復(fù)。
6.第六句為簡(jiǎn)單句,“在海外投資”譯為invest overseas,“數(shù)十億”譯為billions of。
7.翻譯最后一句時(shí)應(yīng)注意時(shí)態(tài)。該句表述的是過去的事實(shí),應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。“超越”譯為surpass;“成為”這個(gè)短語(yǔ)有兩種譯法,可以將“超越”和“成為”處理為兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作,譯為became the second largesteconomy in the world:也可以將“成為”處理為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),表示結(jié)果,譯為becoming the second largesteconomic entity in the world。
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