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新SAT評分標準之Writing解析
在新SAT Essay的評分中，將分數(shù)分成了三個維度：Reading，Analysis和Writing。這里，我們通過對于評分標準進行簡要分析，來看一篇高分的Writing應該具備的條件。
下圖是SAT Essay評分標準關于Wring部分的要求(依次為4分，3分，2分)：
新SAT寫作評分標準：4分標準
新SAT寫作評分標準：3分標準
新SAT寫作評分標準：2分標準
我們對評分標準中的每一條進行對比分析：
4：The response includes a precise central claim.
3：The response includes a central claim or implicit controlling idea.
2：The response may lack a clear central claim or controlling idea or may deviate from the claim or idea over the course of the response.
通過對比我們看到，新SAT Essay要求有一個明確的precise central claim, 這個claim就是原文作者的觀點。對于這個觀點，同學們其實大可不必擔心，因為在每篇文章后面的prompt中會明確給出作者的claim，如OG中的兩篇文章：
上圖中劃線部分就是文章中作者所要表述的觀點，各位同學記住一定要對這個觀點進行paraphrase而不是直接copy哦!
我們看一組例子：
GOOD: It is crucial that news organizations increase the amount of foreign news coverage provided to Americans.
BAD: This is an article talking about foreign news.
4：The response includes a skillful introduction and conclusion. The response demonstrates a deliberate and highly effective progression of ideas both within paragraphs and throughout the essay.
3：The response includes an effective introduction and conclusion. The response demonstrates a clear progression of ideas both within paragraphs and throughout the essay.
2：The response may include an ineffective introduction and/or conclusion. The response may demonstrate some progression of ideas within paragraphs but not throughout the response.
通過對比我們可以看出，新SAT Essay要求學生在寫作中包含a skillful introduction and conclusion，什么樣的introduction和conclusion才是好的呢?我們不僅需要包含上一條評分標準中的claim，還要說明作者如何去論證自己的觀點，下面就是一個很好的例子：
●Peter S. Goodman builds a solid argument for the growing need for foreign news coverage and utilizes concrete evidence, logical reasoning and persuasive appeals to not only expose the paucity of international news needs, but also convince his audience that it is crucial that news organizations increase the amount of foreign news coverage provided to Americans.
在具體分析作者的論證過程中，還需要注意文章的progression，使用恰當?shù)膖ransitional words是一種有效的方式，如：
Goodman begins by clearly laying out;
Goodman closes his argument;
4：The response has wide variety in sentence structures. The response demonstrates a consistent use of precise word choice. The response maintains a formal style and objective tone.
3：The response has variety in sentence structures. The response demonstrates some precise word choice. The response maintains a formal style and objective tone.
2：The response has limited variety in sentence structures; sentence structures may be repetitive. The response demonstrates general or vague word choice; word choice may be repetitive. The response may deviate noticeably from a formal style and objective tone.
通過對比我們可以看出，新SAT Essay要求學生在寫作中有多變的句式和精確的詞匯選擇。但同學們要注意的是，多變的句式并不意味著全文充斥著倒裝句、強調句式等，SAT OG中明確指出，需要avoid a simple, repetitive subject-verb structure，如：
● Peter S. Goodman offers … ;
● He appeals … ;
● Goodman gives … ;
● He talks ….
這種單一的主謂結構會使得文章枯燥，我們可以合理的使用從句、非謂語動詞和介詞短語等完成考試中要求的句式變化，如：
● While one might view this as selfish, Summers reassures the reader that they are not alone in feeling this way
● Further contributing to his argument, …
同樣，精確的詞匯選擇并不意味著復雜的單詞，而是能夠準確地表述意思的表達，如下面就是OG中給出的precise word choice: dramatic decline, discuss the context of the decrease, uses this irony, hones in on examples, make a more powerful impression on the reader, appeals to the individual, always referencing the practical need.
最后，評分標準中提到a formal style and objective tone，也就是說在寫作中不可以給出自己的觀點，而且盡量避免口語化的表達(如the guy talks about in his speech that …)
4：The response shows a strong command of the conventions of standard written English and is free or virtually free of errors.
3：The response shows a good control of the conventions of standard written English and is free of significant errors that detract from the quality of writing.
2：The response shows a limited control of the conventions of standard written English and contains errors that detract from the quality of writing and may impede understanding.
評分標準中最后提到的就是語言的規(guī)范，也就是語言表達的正確性，可以看到，4分的文章幾乎沒有語言表達錯誤，3分的文章沒有大的語言表達錯誤(其實還是存在一些小的錯誤)，2分的作文就存在很多語言錯誤了。同學們容易犯的錯誤主要有：Spelling Mistakes，Syntactically awkward sentences，Run-on sentences，Sentence fragment等。
總的來說，新SAT Essay在Writing的評分中希望考試做到：
Make a claim.
Organize your argument.
Switch up your sentences.
Choose smart words.
Use an academic tone.
Use good grammar.
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