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有關英語四級寫作技巧之and和松散句
大學英語四級考試，即CET-4，College English Test Band 4的縮寫，是由國家教育部高等教育司主持的全國性英語考試。下面是小編收集整理的有關英語四級寫作技巧之and和松散句，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。
英語四級寫作技巧：and和松散句
Rambling Sentences and the ubiquitous "and"
"and"和松散句
松散句在文章中隨處可見，難以消亡。松散句在語法上并沒錯誤，它只是太長，且干擾讀者對文章的理解，不幸的是，犯有此類毛病的作者往往屢見不鮮。對此可遵循一條好的原則：如果發現一個句子長及兩到三行，則仔細考慮兩遍，它很可能要徹底改動。
Rambling: The plane was ready to take off; having never traveled by plane before he suddenly felt nervous as the sky ominously turned from gray to black, and threatening bolts of lightning shot across the sky, and thunder echoed in the distance. ()
Better: The plane was ready to take off. He had never traveled by plane and suddenly felt nervous as the sky turned ominously from gray to black. Threatening bolts of lightening shot across the sky, and thunder echoed in the distance.
Rambling: We regret to inform you that inclement weather conditions in our area have caused us to reschedule all deliveries for the month of February so that we must also reschedule shipment of your order to February 16.
Better: I’m sorry to let you know that a winter storm will delay shipment of your order until February 16.
松散句經常有很多"and"。在口語中，尚可多用幾個"and" 但若過多地出現在書面英語中，則令人難以接受。取代"and"的方法是改用逗號或從屬結構，或者干脆省略。
Plain: The Governor of Hong Kong descended the long and winding staircase.
Interesting: The Governor of Hong Kong descended the long, winding staircase.
Plain: My grandparents spent long summer hours under the old, tall and shady tree in the courtyard.
Interesting: My grandparents spent long summer hours under the old, tall, shady tree in the courtyard.
Plain: By attending this workshop, you will learn just which cosmetic essentials you need and which formulas are just your style.
Interesting: By attending this workshop, you will learn just which cosmetic essentials you need, which formulas are just your style.
Plain: To a man harassed by a nagging wife and undisciplined children, work away from home can be a great blessing, and a welcome escape.
Interesting: To a man harassed by a nagging wife and undisciplined children, work away from home can be a great blessing, a welcome escape.
Ineffective: The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world, and in the springtime it occasionally overflows its banks, and many people are endangered.
Improved: The Yangtze River, one of the longest rivers in the world, occasionally endangers many people during the springtime by overflowing its banks.
Ineffective: The village had a population of seven thousand, and a typhoon struck it, and it was practically demolished.
Improved: The village, with its seven thousand people, was struck by a typhoon and practically demolished.
Ineffective: He was the mayor of the town, and he was a genial fellow, and he invited the four young boys into his study.
Improved: The mayor of the town, a genial fellow, invited the four young boys into his study. 來自
Ineffective: The central plain holds Switzerland’s major manufacturing facilities and many of them specialize in high-quality and precision products.
Improved: The central plain holds Switzerland’s major manufacturing facilities, many of them specializing in high-quality, precision products.
Plain: I had always wanted to go to college, and I had always wished to become an engineer, and so I enrolled at Dalian University of Science and Technology
Interesting: Because I had always wanted to enter college and prepare myself to become an engineer, I enrolled at Dalian University of Science and Technology.
Or Better:
I enrolled at Dalian University of Science and Technology to achieve my double purpose of attending college and becoming an engineer.
Plain: Near the center of the campus of our university a new building has been erected, and it is constructed of red brick.
Better: A red-brick building has been erected near the center of our university campus.
或Near the center of our university campus is the brand new red-brick building.
松散句的寫作技巧
1） 松散句（Loose sentence）不同于掉尾句，它不要求把某個部分特意留到句尾，而是想到哪里說到哪里。例如：
Angela Mina lives in a very poor country where many children born die before their first birthday. Over 75% of all children suffer some forms of malnutrition, and unclean water, disease, civil conflict, and natural disaster are all challenges to the survival for many children and their families.
（The Atlantic, Jan. 1993）
并列句是一種松散句，它的分句各自表達比較完整的意思，并且前后次序常常可以顛倒。主句在前、從句在后的復合句也可算是一種松散句，因為一般說來主句表示的是整句意思的主體部分，而從句是表示次要部分，如補充、修飾等。松散句中的分句通常可以改成獨立的句子。
2） 同前面的掉尾句相反，松散句不屬嚴謹的正式文體，而適用于一種自然樸實的文風。例如：
He was an inch, perhaps two, under six feet, powerfully built, and he advanced straight at you with a slight stoop of the shoulders, head forward, and a fixed from-under stare which made you think of a charging bull. His voice was deep, loud, and his manner displayed a kind of dogged self-assertion which had nothing aggressive in it. It seemed a necessity, and it was directed apparently as much of himself as of anybody else. He was spotlessly neat, apparelled in immaculate white from shoes to hat, and in the various Eastern parts where he got his living as ship-chandler's water-clerk he was very popular.
這是英國作家Joseph Conrad的小說Lord Jim的開頭一段。作者使用了一連串松散句，把他的故事以輕松的口氣隨意道來，直到最后一句的后半部分，即從and開始作者才改變句子結構，以倒裝掉尾句的形式使“he was very popular”得到強調。這個小小的段落表明，優秀作家是多么善于做到句式多樣化！
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