大學英語四級全真訓練試題

2017年大學英語四級全真訓練試題

　　有很多名義上通過了英語四級考試的學生，卻仍然會選擇重考，因為想要更高的分數。但是重復考試很麻煩，大家還是好好學習英語爭取一次取得高分吧。下面是小編整理的一些英語四級訓練試題，希望能幫到大家!

　　Part I Writing (30 minutes)

　　Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letterto express your thanks to one of your school teachers uponenteringcollege. You should write at least 120 words but nomore than 180 words.

　　Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

　　Questions 1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　1. A) It was dangerous to live in. C) He could no longer pay the rent.

　　B) It was going to be renovated. D) He had sold it to the royal family.

　　2. A) A strike. C) A forest fire.

　　B) A storm. D) A terrorist attack.

　　Questions 3 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department.

　　B) They were trapped in an underground elevator.

　　C) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.

　　D) They sent calls for help via a portable radio.

　　4. A) They tried hard to repair the elevator.

　　B) They released the details of the accident.

　　C) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.

　　D) They provided the miners with food and water.

　　Questions 5 to 7 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　5. A) Raise postage rates.

　　B) Improve its services.

　　C) Redesign delivery routes.

　　D) Close some of its post offices.

　　6. A) Shortening business hours.

　　B) Closing offices on holidays.

　　C) Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.

　　D) Computerizing mail sorting processes.

　　7. A) Many post office staff will lose their jobs.

　　B) Many people will begin to complain.

　　C) Taxpayers will be very pleased.

　　D) A lot of controversy will arise.

　　聽力原文

　　短篇新聞2Section A - 2

　　Rescue efforts were underway Thursday morning for 17 miners who were stuck in an elevator below ground at a Cargill rock salt mine near Lansing, New York, according to Marcia Lynch.

　　Public information officer with Tompkins County’s emergency response department, emergency workers have made contact with the miners via a radio. And they all appear to be uninjured, said Jessica Verfuss, the emergency department’s assistant director.

　　Crews have managed to provide heat packs and blankets to the miners so that they can keep warm during the rescue operation, Verfuss said. Details about what led to the workers’ being trapped in the elevator went immediately available. The mine, along New York’s Cayuga Lake, processes salt used for road treatment. It produces about 2 million tons of salt that is shipped to more than 1,500 places in the northeastern United States, the rock salt mine is one of three operated by Cargill with the other two in Louisiana and Ohio.

　　Q3. What does the news report say about the salt miners?

　　Q4.What did the rescue team do?

　　短篇新聞3

　　Section A - 3

　　The U.S. Postal Service announced today that it is considering closing about 3,700 post offices over the next year because of falling revenues.

　　Facing an $8.3 billion budget deficit this year, closing post officers is one of several proposals the Postal Service has put forth recently to cut costs. Last week, for example, Postmaster General Pat Donahoe announced plans to stop mail delivery on Saturdays, a move he says could save $3 billion annually.

　　“We are losing revenue as we speak,” Donahoe said. “We do not want taxpayer money. We want to be self-sufficient. So like any other business you have to make choices.”

　　Dean Granholm the vice president for delivery and post office operations said the first waves of closings would begin this fall. He estimated that about 3,000 postmasters, 500 station managers and between 500 and 1,000 postal clerks could lose their jobs.

　　Q5.What is the U.S. Postal Service planning to do?

　　Q6.What measure has been planned to save costs?

　　Q7.What will happen when the proposed measure come into effect?

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

　　Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　8. A) He will be kept from promotion.

　　B) He will go through retraining.

　　C) He will be given a warning.

　　D) He will lose part of his pay.

　　9. A) He is always on time.

　　B) He is a trustworthy guy.

　　C) He is an experienced press operator.

　　D) He is on good terms with his workmates.

　　10. A) She is a trade union representative.

　　B) She is in charge of public relations.

　　C) She is a senior manager of the shop.

　　D) She is better at handling such matters.

　　11. A) He is skilled and experienced.

　　B) He is very close to the manager.

　　C) He is always trying to stir up trouble.

　　D) He is always complaining about low wages.

　　Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　12. A) Open.

　　B) Selfish.

　　C) Friendly.

　　D) Reserved.

　　13. A) They stay quiet.

　　B) They read a book.

　　C) They talk about the weather.

　　D) They chat with fellow passengers.

　　14. A) She was always treated as a foreigner.

　　B) She was eager to visit an English castle.

　　C) She was never invited to a colleague’s home.

　　D) She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.

　　15. A) Houses are much more quiet.

　　B) Houses provide more privacy.

　　C) They want to have more space.

　　D) They want a garden of their own.

　　聽力原文：

　　長對話1&2

　　Conversation 1

　　A: Mrs. Hampton, we've got trouble in the press room this morning.

　　B: Oh dear. What about?

　　A: One of the press operators arrived an hour and a half late.

　　B: But that's a straightforward affair. He will simply lose part of his pay. That's why we have a clock-in system.

　　A: But the point is the man was clocked-in at 8 o'clock. We have John standing by the time clock, and he swears he saw nothing irregular.

　　B: Is John reliable?

　　A: Yes, he is. That's why we chose him for the job.

　　B: Have you spoken to the man who was late?

　　A: Not yet. I thought I'd have a word with you first. He's a difficult man, and I think there's been some trouble on the shop floor. I've got a feeling that trade union representative is behind this. The manager told me that Jack Green's been very active around the shop the last few days.

　　B: Well, what do you want me to do?

　　A: I was wondering if you'd see Smith, the man who was late, because you are so much better at handling things like this.

　　B: Oh, alright. I'll see him. I must say I agree with you about there being bad feelings in the works. I've had the idea for some time that Jack Green's been busy stirring things up in connection with the latest wage claim. He's always trying to make trouble. Well, I'll get the manager to send Smith up here.

　　Q8. What will happen to the press operator who was late for the work according to the woman?

　　Q9. What does the man say about John who stands by the time clock?

　　Q10. Why does the man suggest the woman see the worker who was late?

　　Q11. What does the woman say about Jack Green?

　　Conversation 2

　　A: Our topic today is about somethings that foreigners nearly always say when they visit Britain. It's 'Why are the British so cold?' And they're talking about the British personality – the famous British 'reserve'. It means that we aren't very friendly, we aren't very open.

　　B: So do you think it's true?

　　A: It's a difficult one. So many people who visit Britain say it's difficult to make friends with British people. They say we're cold, reserved, unfriendly...

　　B: I think it's true. Look at Americans or Australians. They speak the same language, but they're much more open. And you see it when you travel, people - I mean strangers - speak to you on the street or on the train. British people seldom speak on the train. Or the bus. Not in London, anyway.

　　A: 'Not in London'. That's it. Capital cities are full of tourists and are never very friendly. People are different in other parts of the country.

　　B: Not completely. I met a woman once, an Italian. She's been working in Manchester for two years,

　　and no one - not one of her colleagues - had ever invited her to their home. They were friendly to her at work, but nothing else. She couldn't believe it. She said that would never happen in Italy.

　　A: You know what they say – 'an Englishman's home is his castle'. It’s really difficult to get inside.

　　B: Yeah. It's about being private. You go home to your house and your garden and you close the door. It's your place.

　　A: That's why the British don't like flats. They prefer to live in houses.

　　B: That’s true.

　　Q12. What do foreigners generally think of British people according to the woman?

　　Q13. What may British people typically do one the train according to the man?

　　Q14. What does the man say about the Italian woman working in Manchester?

　　Q15. Why do British people prefer houses to flats?

　　Section C

　　Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

　　Questions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　16. A) They don’t have much choice of jobs.

　　B) They are likely to get much higher pay.

　　C) They don’t have to go through job interviews.

　　D) They will automatically be given hiring priority.

　　17. A) Ask their professors for help.

　　B) Look at school bulletin boards.

　　C) Visit the school careers service.

　　D) Go through campus newspapers.

　　18. A) Helping students find the books and journals they need.

　　B) Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.

　　C) Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.

　　D) Providing students with information about the library.

　　Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19. A) It tastes better.

　　B) It is easier to grow.

　　C) It may be sold at a higher price.

　　D) It can better survive extreme weathers.

　　20. A) It is healthier than green tea.

　　B) It can grow in drier soil.

　　C) It will replace green tea one day.

　　D) It is immune to various diseases.

　　21. A) It has been well received by many tea drinkers.

　　B) It does not bring the promised health benefits.

　　C) It has made tea farmers’ life easier.

　　D) It does not have a stable market.

　　Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　22. A) They need decorations to show their status.

　　B) They prefer unique objects of high quality.

　　C) They decorate their homes themselves.

　　D) They care more about environment.

　　23. A) They were proud of their creations.

　　B) They could only try to create at night.

　　C) They made great contributions to society.

　　D) They focused on the quality of their products.

　　24. A) Make wise choices.

　　B) Identify fake crafts.

　　C) Design handicrafts themselves.

　　D) Learn the importance of creation.

　　25. A) To boost the local economy.

　　B) To attract foreign investments.

　　C) To arouse public interest in crafts.

　　D) To preserve the traditional culture.

　　聽力原文

　　聽力篇章：

　　Passage One

　　In college, time is scarce, and consequently, very precious. At the same time, expenses in college pile up surprisingly quickly. A part time job is a good way to balance costs while ensuring there is enough time left over for both academic subjects and after-class activities.

　　If you are a college student looking for a part time job, the best place to start your job search is right on campus. There are tons of on-campus job opportunities, and as a student, you’ll automatically be given hiring priority. Plus, on-campus jobs eliminate commuting time, and could be a great way to connect with academic and professional resources at your university. Check with your school’s career service or employment office for help to find a campus job. Of course, there are opportunities for part-time work off-campus, too. If you spend a little time digging for the right part time jobs, you’ll save yourself time when you find a job that leaves you with enough time to get your school work done, too. If you are a college student looking for work but worry you won’t have enough time to devote to academic subjects, consider working as a study hall or a library monitor. Responsibilities generally include supervising study spaces to ensure that a quiet atmosphere is maintained. It’s a pretty easy job, but one with lots of downtime-which means you will have plenty of time to catch up on reading, do homework or study for an exam.

　　Q16: What does the speaker say about college students applying for on-campus jobs?

　　Q17: What can students do to find a campus job according to the speaker?

　　Q18: What does the speaker say is a library monitor’s responsibility?

　　Passage Two

　　Agricultural workers in green tea fields near Mt. Kenya are gathering the tea leaves. It is beautiful to see. The rows of tea bushes are straight. All appears to be well. But the farmers who planted the bushes are worried. Nelson Kibara is one of them. He has been growing tea in the Kerugoya area for 40 years.

　　He says the prices this year have been so low that he has made almost no profit. He says he must grow different kinds of tea if he is to survive.

　　Mr. Kibara and hundreds of other farmers have been removing some of their tea bushes and planting a new kind of tea developed by the Tea Research Foundation of Kenya. Its leaves are purple and brown. When the tea is boiled, the drink has a purple color. Medical researchers have studied the health benefits of the new tea. They say it is healthier than green tea and could be sold for a price that is three to four times higher than the price of green tea.

　　But Mr. Kibara says he has not received a higher price for his purple tea crop.

　　He says the market for the tea is unstable and he is often forced to sell his purple tea for the same price as green tea leaves. He says there are not enough buyers willing to pay more for the purple tea.

　　Q19. Why have tea farmers in Kenya decided to grow purple tea?

　　Q20. What do researchers say about purple tea?

　　Q21. What does Mr. Kibara find about purple tea?

　　Passage Three

　　Today's consumers want beautiful handcrafted s to wear and to have for their home environment. They prefer something unique and they demand quality. Craftsmen today are meeting this demand. People and homes are showing great change as more and more unique handcrafted items become available. Handcrafts are big business. No long does a good craftsman have to work in a job he dislikes all day and then try to create at night. He has earned his professional status. He is now a respected member of society. Parts of the fun of being a craftsman is meeting other craftsmen. They love to share their ideas and materials and help others find markets for their work. Craftsmen have helped educate consumers to make wise choices. They help them become aware of design and technique. They help them relate their choice to its intended use. They often involve consumers in trying the craft themselves. When a group of craftsmen expends to include more members, a small craft organization is formed. Such an organization does a lot in training workshops in special media, craft marketing techniques, craft fairs and sales, festivals, TV appearances and demonstrations. State art councils help sponsor local arts and crafts festivals which draw crowds of tourist consumers. This boosts the local economy considerably because tourists not only buy crafts, but they also use the restaurants and hotels and other services of the area.

　　Q22. What does the speaker say about today's consumers?

　　Q23. What does the speaker say about a good craftsman in the past?

　　Q24. What do craftsmen help consumers do?

　　Q25. Why do state art councilshelp sponsor local arts and crafts festivals?

　　Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.

　　Contrary to popular belief, older people generally do not want to live with their children. Moreover, most adult children _____(26)every bit as much care and support to their aging parents as was the case in the "good old days", and roost older people do not feel _____(27).

　　About 80% of people 65 years and older have living children, and about 90% of them have _____(28)contact with their children. About 75% of elderly parents who don't go to nursing homes live within 30 minutes of at least one of their children.

　　However, _____(29)having contact with children does not guarantee happiness in old age. In fact, some research has found that people who are most involved with their families have the lowest spirits. This research may be _____(30), however, as ill health often makes older people more _____(31)and thereby increases contact with family members. So it is more likely that poor health, not just family involvement, _____(32)spirits.

　　Increasingly, researchers have begun to look at the quality of relationships, rather than at the frequency of contact, between the elderly and their children. If parents and children share interests and values and agree on childrearing practices and religious _____(33)they are likely to enjoy each other's company. Disagreements on such matters can _____(34)cause problems. If parents are angered by their daughter's divorce, dislike her new husband, and disapprove of how she is raising their grandchildren, _____(35)are that they are not going to enjoy her visits.

　　A.abandoned

　　B.advanced

　　C.biased

　　D.chances

　　E.commitment

　　F.dampens

　　G.dependent

　　H.distant

　　I.frequent

　　J.fulfillment

　　K.grant

　　L.merely

　　M.provide

　　N.understandably

　　O.unrealistically

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　Could Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?

　　[A] For many years I have studied global agricultural, population, environmental and economic trends and their interactions. The combined effects of those trends and the political tensions they generate point to the breakdown of governments and societies. Yet I, too, have resisted the idea that food shortages could bring down not only individual governments but also our global civilization.

　　[B] I can no longer ignore that risk. Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental declines that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that such a collapse is possible.

　　[C] As demand for food rises faster than supplies are growing, the resulting food-price inflation puts severe stress on the governments of many countries. Unable to buy grain or grow their own, hungry people take to the streets. Indeed, even before the steep climb in grain prices in 2008, the number of failing states was expanding. If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate. In the 20th century the main threat to international security was superpower conflict; today it is failing states.

　　[D] States fail when national governments can no longer provide personal security, food security and basic social services such as education and health care. When governments lose their control on power, law and order begin to disintegrate. After a point, countries can become so dangerous that food relief workers are no longer safe and their programs are halted. Failing states are of international concern because they are a source of terrorists, drugs, weapons and refugees(難民), threatening political stability everywhere.

　　[E] The surge in world grain prices in 2007 and 2008—and the threat they pose to food security——has a different, more troubling quality than the increases of the past. During the second of the 20th century, grain prices rose dramatically several times. In 1972, for instance, the Soviets. I recognizing their poor harvest early, quietly cornered the world wheat market. As a result, wheat prices elsewhere more than doubled, pulling rice and com prices up with them. But this and other price shocks were event-driven——drought in the Soviet Union, crop-shrinking heat in the U.S. Corn Belt. And the rises were short-lived: prices typically returned to normal with the next harvest.

　　[F]In contrast, recent surge in world grain prices is trend-driven, making it unlikely to reverse without a reversal in the trends themselves. On the demand side, those trends include the ongoing addition of more than 70 million people a year, a growing number of people wanting to move up the food chain to consume highly grain-intensive meat products, and the massive diversion(轉向)of U.S. grain to the production of bio-fuel.

　　[G]As incomes rise among low-income consumers, the potential for further grain consumption is huge. But that potential pales beside the never-ending demand for crop-based fuels. A fourth of this year's U.S. grain harvest will go to fuel cars.

　　[H]What about supply? The three environmental trends——the shortage of fresh water, the loss of topsoil and the rising temperatures——are making it increasingly hard to expand the world's grain supply fast enough to keep up with demand. Of all those trends, however, the spread of water shortages poses the most immediate threat. The biggest challenge here is irrigation, which consumes 70% the world's fresh water. Millions of irrigation wells in many countries are now pumping water out of underground sources faster than rainfall can refill them. The result is falling water tables(地下水位)in countries with half the world's people, including the three big grain producers——China, India and the U.S.

　　[I]As water tables have fallen and irrigation wells have gone dry, China's wheat crop, the world's largest, has declined by 8% since it peaked at 123 million tons in 1997. But water shortages are even more worrying in India. Millions of irrigation wells have significantly lowered water tables in almost every state.

　　[J]As the world's food security falls to pieces, individual countries acting in their own self-interest are actually worsening the troubles of many. The trend began in 2007, when leading wheat-exporting countries such as Russia and Argentina limited or banned their exports, in hopes of increasing local food supplies and thereby bringing down domestic food prices. Vietnam banned its exports for several months for the same reason. Such moves may eliminate the fears of those living in the exporting countries, but they are creating panic in importing countries that must rely on what is then left for export.

　　[K]In response to those restrictions, grain-importing countries are trying to nail down long-term trade agreements that would lock up future grain supplies. Food-import anxiety is even leading to new efforts by food-importing countries to buy or lease farmland in other countries. In spite of such temporary measures, soaring food prices and spreading hunger in many other countries are beginning to break down the social order.

　　[L]Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends that cause it must be reversed. We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils. There is nothing new about the four objectives. Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these——the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families.

　　[M]For many in the development community, the four objectives were seen as positive, promoting development as long as they did not cost too much. Others saw them as politically correct and morally appropriate. Now a third and far more significant motivation presents itself: meeting these goals may necessary to prevent the collapse of our civilization. Yet the cost we project for saving civilization would amount to less than $200 billion a year, 1/6 of current global military spending. In effect, our plan is the new security budget.

　　36.The more recent steep climb in grain prices partly results from the fact that more and more people want to consume meat products.

　　37.Social order is breaking down in many countries because of food shortages.

　　38.Rather than superpower conflict, countries unable to cope with food shortages now constitute the main threat to world security.

　　39.Some parts of the world have seen successful implementation of family planning.

　　40.The author has come to agree that food shortages could ultimately lead to the collapse of world civilization.

　　41.Increasing water shortages prove to be the biggest obstante to boosting the world's grain production.

　　42.The cost for saving our civilization would be considerably less than the world's current military spending.

　　43.To lower domestic food prices, some countries limited or stopped their grain exports.

　　44.Environmental problems must be solved to case the current global food shortage.

　　45.A quarter of this year's American grain harvest will be used to produce bio-fuel for cars.

　　Section C

　　Passage One

　　Attitudes toward new technologies often along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift.

　　It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn't seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they'd like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.

　　The face that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now-and no one can get one yet-but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly engaged.

　　Actually, this isn't surprising. Whereas older generations are sometime reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic useeases for driverless cars.

　　This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.

　　When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with 　　those who have less education, 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less.

　　Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lives in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas.

　　While there's reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person's age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can be becoming mainstream. Once driverless cares are actually available for safe, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.

　　46.What happens when a new technology emerges?

　　A.It further widens the gap between the old and the young.

　　B.It often leads to innovations in other related fields.

　　C.It contribute greatly to the advance of society as a whole.

　　D.It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.

　　47.What does the author say about the driverless car?

　　A.It does not seem to create a generational divide.

　　B.It will not necessarily reduce road accidents.

　　C.It may start a revolution in the car industry.

　　D.It has given rise to unrealistic expectations.

　　48.Why does the driverless car appeal to some old people?

　　A.It saves their energy.

　　B.It helps with their mobility.

　　C.It adds to the safety of their travel.

　　D.It stirs up their interest in life.

　　49.What is likely to affect one's attitude toward the driverless car?

　　A.The location of their residence.

　　B.The amount of their special interest

　　C.The amount of training they received.

　　D.The length of their driving experience.

　　50.Who are likely to be the first to buy the driverless car?

　　A.The senior.

　　B.The educated.

　　C.The weaIthy.

　　D.The tech fans.

　　Passage Two

　　In agrarian(農業的),pre-industrial Europe, "you'd want to wake up early, start working with the sunrise, have a break to have the largest meal, and then you'd go back to work," says Ken Albala, a professor of history at the University of the Pacific, "Later, at 5 or 6, you'd have a smaller supper."

　　This comfortable cycle, in which the rhythms of the day helped shape the rhythms of the meals, gave rise to the custom of the large midday meal, eaten with the extended family, "Meal are the foundation of the family,' says Carole Couniban. a professor at Millersville University in

　　Peensylvania, "so there was a very important interconnection between eating together" and strength-eating family ties.

　　Since industrialization, maintaining such a slow cultural metabolism has been much harder. With the long midday meal shrinking to whatever could be stuffed into a lunch bucket or bought at a food stand. Certainly, there were benefits. Modern techniques for producing and shipping food led to greater variety and quantity, including a tremendous, increase in the amount of animal protein and dairy products available, making us more vigorous than our ancestors.

　　Yet plenty has been lost too, even in cultures that still live to eat. Take Italy. It's no secret that the Mediterranean diet is healthy, but it was also a joy to prepare and cat. Italians, says Counihan, traditionally began the day with a small meal. The big meal came at around 1 p.m. In between the midday meal and a late, smaller dinner came a small snack. Today, when time zones have less and less meaning, there is little tolerance for offices' closing for lunch, and worsening traffic in cities means workers can't make it home and back fast enough anyway. So the formerly small supper after sundown becomes the big meal of the day. the only one at which the family has a chance to get together. "The evening meal carries the full burden that used to be spread over two meals" says Counihan.

　　51.What do we learn from the passage about people in pre-industrial Europe?

　　A.They had to work from early morning till late at night.

　　B.They were so busy working that they only ate simple meals.

　　C.Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.

　　D.Their life was much more comfortable than that of today.

　　52.What does Professor Carole Counihan say about. pre-industrial European families eating meals together?

　　A.It was helpful to maintaining a nation's tradition.

　　B.It brought family members closers to each other.

　　C.It was characteristic of the agrarian culture.

　　D.It enabled families to save a lot of money.

　　53.What does "cultural metabolism"(Line 1 ,Para. 3) refer to?

　　A.Evolutionary adaptation.

　　B.Changes in lifestyle.

　　C.Social progress.

　　D.Pace of life.

　　54.What does the author think of the food people eat today?

　　A.Its quality is usually guaranteed.

　　B.It is varied, abundant and nutritious.

　　C.It is more costly than what our ancestors ate.

　　D.Its production depends too much on technology.

　　55.What does the author say about Italians of the old days.

　　A.They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.

　　B.They ate a big dinner late in the evening.

　　C.They ate three meals regularly every day.

　　D.They were expert at cooking meals.

　　Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

　　Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English。 You should write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 2。

　　烏鎮是浙江的一座古老水鎮，坐落在京杭大運河畔。這是一處迷人的地方，有許多古橋、中式旅店和餐館。在過去的一千年里，烏鎮的水系和生活方式并未經歷多少變化，是一座展現古文明的博物館。烏鎮所有房屋都用石木建造。數百年來，當地人沿著河邊建起了住宅和集市。無數寬敞美麗的庭院藏身于屋舍之間，游客們每到一處都會有驚喜的發現。

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