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獨立主格與獨立成分的辨析
導語：獨立主格結構不是主謂完整的簡單句，而只是一個短語，而獨立成分是與全句沒有語法關系的句子成分。下面由YJBYS小編告訴大家如何辨析獨立主格與獨立成分，歡迎參考!
1.當分詞已轉化為介詞或連詞，此時也無需考慮主謂一致的問題。如：
considering/ given(that)…考慮到… supposing/provided/providing(that) 假設/使…，等等。
Supposing you are wrong, what will you do then?
假設你錯了，你接下來會做什么? ( supposing為連詞，也可用suppose)
Supposing it should rain, we would still go.
即使下雨，我們還是會去。(虛擬)
I’ll go fishing provided (that) it is fine tomorrow.
如果明天天氣好的話我就去釣魚。
Given their inexperience, they’ve done a good job.
考慮到他們沒有經驗，這工作已做的很不錯了。(given為介詞，“考慮到”)
Considering that Frank did not have the potential to do the important work well, the boss fired him.鑒于弗蘭克沒有潛力把那件重要的工作做好，老板解雇了他。
2.有些固定短語是帶to的不定式，表明說話人的立場或態度，在句中作獨立成分。
這些短語有：to be honest(老實說)，to be sure (確實)， to be true (真的),
to tell (you) the truth (說實話)， to cut a long story short (長話短說)，to be frank (with you) (坦率地說)，to make matters / things worse (更糟糕的是)，to begin with(首先),
to be exact(確切地說), to do him justice (公平對待，盡量利用) 等等。
�、賂o tell you the truth, I made a mistake in the word spelling.
說實話，我犯了一個拼寫錯誤。
�、赥o tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment to me.
我對這個劇非常失望。
�、跿o make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of higher pay, leaving women from nearby villages to carry on with the work.
情況更糟的是，許多男人都去城市找工資較高的工作，而留下附近村莊的婦女來繼續承擔修復工作。
The car burns more fuel, but ___ all things into consideration, it’s still a good car.
A. taken B. having taken C. taking D. to take
答案解析：選D，獨立成分作狀語。
這輛汽車耗油量較大，但是綜合整體情況來看，它仍不失為一部好車。
有些分詞短語的形式是固定的，不受上下文影響，可以獨立存在，因此被稱為獨立成分。它并不表示句子主語的動作，而是表示說話人的態度，它在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語，作為習慣用法或固定短語，用來修飾整個句子。
這些短語有：Generally speaking (總的說來)，Frankly/properly speaking (坦率/恰當地說)，Judging from/by (從……判斷)，Supposing (假設)，taking… into consideration(考慮到)等等。
① Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.
�、� 總的說來，這條規則很容易懂。
Generally speaking, the novel is not very interesting.
總的來說，這本小說不是很有趣。
③ Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys.
總的來說，女生比男生更謹慎。
�、� Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?
說到旅游，你去過北京嗎?
�、躂udging from what he said, he must be an honest man.
由他所說的來判斷，他一定是一個誠實的人。
�、軯udging from her face, she must be ill.
從她的臉色看，她一定生病了。
�、� Judging by her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.
�、� 從她上封信看,他們過的非�？臁�
�、逿aking everything into consideration, you should leave.
考慮各種因素，你最好離開。
例題:
____, he seems to be very nervous.
A. Judge from appearance B. Judges from appearance
C. Judged from appearance D. Judging from appearance
(答案解析：答案是D。Judging from…從什么中判斷，是一個固定短語。整句話的意思是：從他的外表來看，他似乎很緊張。)
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