托福TPO21綜合寫作及材料

托福TPO21綜合寫作范文及材料

　　托福TPO21綜合寫作閱讀材料認為種植基因改良樹木可以帶來諸多益處。聽力材料就個觀點進行了逐一反駁。下面是小編整理的托福TPO21綜合寫作范文和聽力原文，歡迎閱讀!

　　托福TPO21綜合寫作范文：

　　The reading and listening materials have a conflict of opinions about genetic modification. The writer believes that it is beneficial to the society， which is contradicted by the following lecture.

　　Firstly， the writer claims that genetically modified trees are more likely to survive since it is hardier than unmodified ones. However， the speaker casts doubt on this opinion by saying that natural trees tend to be genetically diverse， so there will always be some resistant kinds that get to survive when exposed to an environmental challenge. Genetically modified trees， on the other hand， are uniform in genes， which means they would all die if faced with a challenge that they are not designed for.

　　Secondly， the author argues that genetically modified trees are more profitable to farmers， while the lecture views this issue from an opposite angle. According to her， the seeds of modified trees cost a lot and by law， farmers have to pay the company every time they plant.

　　Thirdly， the passage states that genetically modified trees make it no longer necessary to overexploit wild trees. By contrast， in accordance with the professor， this claim does not hold water. It is because modified trees tend to grow more aggressively and would outcompete native trees for natural resources like sunlight， water and soil nutrition. As a result， modified trees would actually wipe out the native trees planted around them.

　　托福TPO21綜合寫作閱讀材料：

　　Genetic modification, a process used to change an organism’s genes and hence its characteristics, is not being used to improve trees. Through genetic modification, it is possible to create trees that produce more fruit, grow faster, or withstand adverse conditions. Planting genetically modified trees on a large scale promises to bring a number of benefits.

　　基因改良是通過改變有機體的基因，進而改變其性狀的過程。目前還沒有用來改良樹木。通過基因改良，可能創造出具有產量高、生長快、抗逆強特點的樹木。很大程度上，種植基因改良樹木可以帶來諸多益處。

　　First, genetically modified trees are designed to be hardier than nature trees; that it, they are more likely to survive than their unmodified counterparts. In Hawaii, for example, a new pest-resistant species of papaya tree has been developed in response to ring-spot virus infections that have repeatedly damaged the native papaya-tree population. Planting the genetically modified papayas has largely put an end to the ring-spot problem.

　　首先，基因改良樹木設計得比天然樹木更能承受不良環境。也就是說，相對于它們沒有改良的同類，它們更易存活。比如，在夏威夷有一種新的抗蟲害的番木瓜樹。這種樹可以抵抗環斑病毒的感染，而正是這種環斑病毒常常會降低當地番木瓜樹的數量。種植這種基因改良的.番木瓜可以很大程度上解決環斑病毒的問題。

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　　Moreover, genetically modified trees promise to bring a number of economic benefits to those who grow them. Genetically modified trees tend to grow faster, give greater yields – of food, fruit, or other products – and be hardier. This allows tree farmers to get faster and greater returns on their farming investment and save on pesticides as well.

　　而且，基因改良的樹木據信可以給種植者帶來巨大的經濟利益�；�因改良的樹木基因改良更快。同時，產量更高，也就是說可以獲得更多的糧食、水果以及其他產品。而且，這些樹木抗逆性更好。這樣就能是的弄明可以更多而且更多地收回投資，同時節約殺蟲劑的花費。

　　Finally, the use of genetically modified trees can prevent overexploitation of wild trees. Because of the growing demand for firewood or building timber, many forests around the world are being cut down faster than they can be replaced. Introducing genetically modified trees – designed for fast growth and high yield in given geographic conditions – would satisfy the demand for wood in many of those areas and save the endangered native trees, which often include unique or rare species.

　　最后，種植基因改良樹木可以減少對野生樹木的過度開發。由于對于木柴和建筑木材的越來越大，世界上森林砍伐的速度超過了再生速度。引入在相同地里條件下生長更快、產量更大的改良樹木可以很多地方對于木材的需求，這樣可以保護那些獨特而稀少的瀕危野生樹種。

　　托福TPO21綜合寫作聽力材料：

　　Sure, there is benefit to planting genetically modified trees, but are these trees really as great as they first sound? When you examine the subjects closely, there are some serious problems and causes associated with the using of genetic modified trees.

　　當然，種植基因改良樹木是有好處的，但是真的有利到可以作為首選作物嗎?當你仔細審視這些理由的時候，就會發現基因改良樹木會帶來一些嚴重的問題。

　　First, genetically modified trees may be resistant to one particular condition, but it doesn’t necessarily ensure their survival. You see: a typical non-modified tree population is genetically diverse. That means that for most threatening conditions, for climate, insects, and pests, whatever, there will be at least some individual trees of any given species tree that are resistant. So, even if the most of one kind of tree were killed, those few resistant ones will survive and ensure the survival of that species of tree. But, genetically modified trees are genetically much more uniform, so if there is supposed to an environmental challenge they have not been designed for, they will all die. So, if the climate changes or new pest engages in, the genetically modified trees will likely be completely wagged out.

　　首先，基因改良樹木可能對某種特定問題有抵抗力，但是這卻不足以保證它們的生存。你看，非基因改良的樹木種群是具有基因多樣性的。這就意味著無論何種樹木，即便是在遭遇極端氣候災害或者蟲害的情況下，都至少有部分個體對災害有抵抗能力。所以，即便種群中的大多數都死亡了，那么少數有抵抗力的存活下來也能保證這個種群的延續。但是對于基因改良樹木基因是一直的，所以當他們受到他們基因設計里不能低于的環境挑戰時，他們會全部死亡。所以，當氣候發生變化或者有新的'害蟲出現，那么基因改良樹木就將全部死亡。

　　That is the second point. There are hidden causes associated with the growing genetically modified trees. You see, the company that genetically modified tree can charge tree farmers much more for its seeds than unmodified tree seeds would cost. Also, after you’ve grown the tree, you can not just collect the seeds and plant the new tree for free. By law, you have to pay the company every time you plant.

　　現在說第二點。在基因改良樹木的生長過程中伴隨著一些隱含問題。你看，公司都是以高于天然種子很多的價格向農民出售基因改良樹木種子的。同時，你現在不能再每年收獲之后收集種子，然后來年免費再種了。因為根據法律規定，你每年都必須向種子公司支付費用。

　　And finally, genetically modified trees might actually cause even more damage to the local wild trees. You see, genetically modified trees often grow more aggressively than natural trees do. And genetically modified trees are typically planted among natural trees. As a result, the genetically modified trees out compete the native trees for resources: sunlight, soil nutrition and water. Eventually, crowd out the nature trees.

　　最后，基因改良樹木可能會對本土野生樹木造成更多的損害。你看，基因改良樹木相對于天然樹木生長的更為迅猛。而且，基因改良樹木一般來說跟天然樹木是共同生長的。那么結果就是，基因改良樹木會搶占天然樹木的資源，諸如陽光、土壤和水等。慢慢地，基因改良樹木就會擠走天然樹木。

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