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2016年全國英語等級考試三級考前鞏固練習
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Text
Most young people enjoy physical activities, walking, cycling, football, or mountaineering.
These who have a passion 26 climbing high and difficult mountains are often 27 with astonishment. Why are men and women 28 to suffer cold and hardship, and to 29 on high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activities 30 which men give their leisure.
There are no man-made rules, as there are for 31 as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which it would be dangerous to 32 , but it is this freedom from man-made rules 33 makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to their own 34 .
If we 35 mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is 36 mountaineering is not a “team work”. However, it is only our misunderstanding. There are, in fact, no :matches” 37 “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may 38 , obviously, there is teamwork.
A mountain climber knows that he may have to fight with natural 39 that ate stronger and more powerful than man. His sport requires high mental and 40 qualities.
A mountain climber 41 to improve on skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions 42 in their early twenties. But it is not 43 for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more 44 than younger men, but they probably climb more skill and less 45 of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.
26. [A]for [B]in [C]to [D] of
27. [A]looked up to [B]looked forward [C]looked into [D] looked upon
28. [A]willing [B]reluctant [C]unwilling [D] probable
29. [A]take pains [B]run risk [C] take a risk [D] make efforts
30. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]towards
31. [A]so [B] various [C] different [D]such
32. [A] apply [B] worry [C] ignore [D] notice
33. [A] which [B] that [C] how [D] why
34. [A] methods [B] forms [C] rules [D] activities
35. [A] correlate [B] relate [C] compare [D] contrast
36. [A] for [B] what [C] which [D] that
37. [A]within [B]from [C]beyond [D]between
38. [A]exist [B]go [C]depend [D]confide
39. [A]strength [B]storms [C]powers [D]forces
40. [A]physician [B]physical [C]physiological [D]psychological
41. [A]tries [B]continues [C]wants [D]decides
42. [A]will be [B]appear [C]are [D]is
43. [A]unusual [B]normal [C]common [D]strange
44. [A]strength [B]efforts [C]energy [D]time
45. [A]shortage [B]lack [C]rubbish [D]waste
SectionⅡ Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)
Part A
Directions:
Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET by drawing a thick line across the corresponding letter in the brackets.
Text I
Fifteen years ago, I entered the Boston Globe, which was a temple to me then. It wasn’t easy getting hired. But once you were there, I found, you were in.
Globe jobs were for life-guaranteed until retirement. For 15 years I had prospered there — moving from an ordinary reporter to foreign correspondent and finally to senior editor. I would have a lifetime of security is I struck with it. Instead, I had made a decision to leave. I entered my boss’s office. Would he rage? I wondered. He had a famous temper. “Matt, we have to have a talk,” I began awkwardly. “I came to the Globe when I was twenty-four. Now I’m forty. There’s a lot I want to do in life. I’m resigning.” “To another paper?” he asked. I reached into my coat pocket, but didn’t say anything. I handed him a letter that explained everything. It said that I was leaving to start a new media company. We were at a rare turning point in history. I wanted to be directly engaged in the change. “I’m glad for you,” he said, quite out of my expectation. “I just came from a board of directors meeting and it was seventy-five percent discouraging news. Some of that we can deal with. But much of it we can’t, ” he went on. “I wish you all the luck in the world,” he concluded. “And if it doesn’t work out, remember, your star is always high here.”
Then I went out of his office, walking through the newsroom for more good-byes. Everybody was saying congratulations. Everybody — even though I’d be risking all on an unfamiliar venture: all the financial security I had carefully built up.
Later, I had a final talk with Bill Taylor, chairman and publisher of the Boston Globe. He had turned the Globe into a billion-dollar property. “I’m resigning, Bill, ”I said. He listened while I gave him the story. He wasn’t looking angry or dismayed either. After a pause, he said, “Golly, I wish I were in your shoes.”
46. From the passage we know that the Globe is a famous _______.
[A] newspaper [B] magazine
[C]temple [ D ] church
47. If the writer stayed with the Globe _________.
[ A] he would be able to realize his lifetime dreams.
[ B] he would let his long-cherished dreams fade away.
[ C ] he would never have to worry about his future life.
[ D] he would never be allowed to develop his ambitions.
48. The writer wanted to resign because _________.
[A] he had serious trouble with his boss.
[ B ] he got underpaid at his job for the Globe.
[ C ] he wanted to be engaged in the new media industry.
[ D ] he had found a better paid job in a publishing house.
49. When the writer decided to resign the Globe was faced with _______.
[ A ] a trouble with its staff members
[ B ] a shortage of qualified reporters
[ C ] an unfavorable business situation
[ D ]an uncontrollable business situation
50. By “:I wish I were in your shoes.” (in the last paragraph) Bill Taylor meant that _______.
[ A ] the writer was to fail.
[ B] the writer was stupid
[ C ] he would do the same if possible
[D] he would reject the writer’s request
Text 2
Do you find it very difficult and painful to get up in the morning? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when your labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: “Get up, Peter! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that Peter is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit if better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning, but you have an important to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
51. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably ________.
[A] he is a lazy person.
[ B ] he refuses to follow his own energy cycle.
[C] he is not sure when his energy is low.
[D] he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening.
52. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?
[AJ Unawareness of energy cycles.
[B] Familiar monologues.
[C]A change in a family member’s energy cycle.
[D] Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.
53. If one wants to work efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should __________.
[A]change his energy cycle
[B] overcome his laziness
[C]get up earlier than usual
[D] go to bed earlier
54. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will __________.
[A] help to keep your energy for the day’s work.
[B] help you to control your temper early in the day
[C] enable you to concentrate on your routine work
[D] keep your energy your energy cycle under control all day
55. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
[A] Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one’s energy.
[B] Dr. Kletman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.
[C] Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.
[D] Children have energy cycles, too.
Text 3
There was one thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffic. At present, we realize that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the east of the United States and brought health warnings in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be infected by air pollution. Some scientists consider that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) is creating a “greenhouse effect”— conserving heat reflected from the earth and raising the world's average temperature. If this view is correct and the world's temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be in water.
Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth's temperature — a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would mane agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. Today we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report drafted by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very possible) Perhaps, if we are lucky enough, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world's temperature will stay about the same as it is now. Driven by economic profits, people neglect the damage on our environment caused by the “advanced civilization”. Maybe the air pollution is the price the human beings have to pay for their development. But is it really worthwhile?
56. As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution _______.
[ A ] cause widespread damage in the countryside
[ B ] affected the entire eastern half of the United States
[ C ] had damaged effect on health
[ D ] existed merely in urban and industries areas
57. As to the greenhouse effect, the author __________.
[ A ] share the same view with the scientist.
[ B ] is uncertain of its occurrence
[ C ] rejects it as being ungrounded
[ D ] thinks that it will destroy the world soon
58. The word “offset” in the second paragraph could be replaced by _________.
[ A] slip into [ B ] make up for
[ C ] set up [ D ] catch up with
59. It can be concluded that ____________.
[ A ] raising the world's temperature only a few degrees would not do much harm to life on earth.
[ B] lowering the world's temperature merely a few degrees would lead major farming areas to disaster.
[C] almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade.
[D] the world's temperature will remain constant in the years to come.
60. This passage is primarily about __________.
[A]the greenhouse effect……
[ B ] the burning of fossil fuels……
[C] the potential effect of air pollution.
[ D] the likelihood of a new ice age.
Part B
Directions:
Read the following article in which five people talk about their ideas of dieting. For questions 61 to 65 , -match name of each speaker to one of the statements (A to C ) given below. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Abbey
You can always recognize dieters from the sour expression on their faces. They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food. They are forever consulting calorie charts, gazing at themselves in mirrors, and leaping on to weighing-machines in the bathroom. They spend a lifetime fighting a losing battle against spreading hips, protruding tummies and double chins. What a miserable lot dieters are!
Marlin
I began making some dietary and lifestyles changes during my second year of college and have been eating this way ever since. I like the way I feel when I don't eat animal foods so much more than the pleasure I used to get from eating them. I have much more energy; I need less sleep; I feel calmer; I can maintain an ideal body weight without worrying about how much I eat, and I can think more clearly.
Maggie
During my first year of college, I gained forty pounds when I began throwing the javelin. For the next twenty years, I carried all of this extra weight and kidded myself that I was in good shape since that's what I weighed in college. Now that I've lost all that extra weight, I feel great! People say all the time, "Well, how do you live without eating cheeseburgers or this or that?" and I say, "You just don't. It' s not even an option. It's not that hard once you get on it. "
Belinda
If you are on a diet, you're always hungry. You can't be hungry and happy at the same time. All the horrible concoctions you eat instead of food leave you permanently dissatisfied. A complete food it may be, but not quite as complete as juicy steak. So at least three times a day you will be exposed to temptation. How miserable to watch others tucking into piles of mouth-watering food while you munch a water biscuit and sip unsweetened lemon juice! And if hunger just proves too much for you, in the end you will lash out and devour five huge guilt-inducing cream cakes at a sitting. Then things will turn out to be even worse.
Wood
I went on diet when my doctor told me that my blood pressure tended to be high. Only at that time did I realize the danger of being overweight. Since I began making dietary changes in 1982, eating this way has become increasingly accepted. I don't feel I've lost something after dieting. Instead, I've got something valuable. That is good health.
Now match each of the persons to the appropriate statement.
Note: there are two extra statements.
Statements
61. Abbey [A] Being on a diet is a torture.
62. Marlin [ B] I feel better with vegetarian food.
63. Maggie [C] I lost weight after dieting.
[ D] I began dieting for the sake of health.
64. Belinda [E] Dieting enables people to enjoy life more.
65. Wood [F] Dieting simply causes endless worries.
[ G] Dieting does more harm than good to one' s health.
Section IV Writing (40 minutes)
You should write your responses to both parts on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Part A
66. Suppose you have got the news that the university of Science and Technology of China is offering a scholarship for chemistry majors and that you have just received an MS degree in chemistry and are eager to have a personal interview with Dr. Wu Han wei , the Chairman. Write a letter of application for the scholarship. Your letter should include:
1. your performance at University
2. your eagerness for the personal interview
3. You should write approximately 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter. Use “Wang Lin” instead. You do not need to write the address.
Part B
67. Write an essay of about 120 words on cell phone. Refer to the following points:
1. explain the reasons why more people use cell phone nowadays
2. Talk about the advantages or disadvantages of cell phones
3. your conclusion
參考答案：
26. A have a passion for sth “對——有強烈的感情、愛好”
27. D look up to“仰慕、尊敬某人”, look forward“期盼，盼望”, look into“調(diào)查”, look upon“把——看作，把——視為”
28. A willingly“愿意的”
29. C run risk“冒險”(被動的處于危險之中), take a risk“冒險”,
30. A give leisure to sth “把空閑時間用于——”
31. D so + adj + a(n) + n., such + a(n)+ adj + n
32. C 此處的含義為“不遵守規(guī)定登山會很危險”
33. B It is —— that ——為強調(diào)句型
34. A 文中的意思為“登山者們自由地選擇登山的方法”。
35. D compare with“與——比較”, contrast with“對比、對照”，指比較某一事物與另一事物，以顯示它們的相異之處，表現(xiàn)明顯的差別。
36. D 連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句作系動詞 is的表語
37. D between“在——之間”
38. C depend on sb or sth“需要某人或某事的支持和幫助
39. D strength“力量的強度”, power“運用能力或體力和腦力來做某事”, force“實施力量，產(chǎn)生行動或征服對手”。
40. B mental“智力的”, physical“體力的”
41. B year after year后應(yīng)該選有“持續(xù)”之意的動詞。
42. C be + in + one's twenties 表示“在某人二十多歲時”
43. A unusual “不尋常的”
44. D 根據(jù)文章的含義，爬山者年齡大應(yīng)該使用更多的時間。
45. D shortage“短缺”, waste“浪費”
46. A 第二段老板提到“是不是到另一家報紙去”根據(jù)此推測這是一家報社。
47. C 第二段提到“假如留下，會有生活保障”從而推斷若不離開未來生活無憂。
48. C 第二段提到“我要離開公司去開一家新傳媒公司”
49. C 第二段提到“老板說從董事會那里得到的75%的消息都是壞消息”從而推斷，報社商業(yè)處境艱難。
50. C be in one's shoes 為“處于某人的地位”文中指老板贊同作者的看法，表示假如他處于和作者相同的情況，他自己也會做出相同的事。
51. D 第二段“The possible explanation to the trouble is that Peter is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening”。
52. A 第二段最后一句
53. C 第三段“If your energy is low in the morning, but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour”。
54. A 最后一段第一行
55. B 文章開頭提到可萊曼特博士有一種新的解釋，證明每個人都有一個每日的能量周期，但是后文也提到了每人能解釋這個周期。
56. D 由第一段第一句話可推知。
57. B 第一段最后一句“If this view is correct ——”表明作者只是引用這種現(xiàn)象并不確定其正確性。
58. B offset補償, make up for彌補, set up建立, catch up with趕上
59. B 根據(jù)第二段第二句話“A drop of just a few degrees ——”可推知。
60. C 文章是在討論大氣污染給人類帶來的潛在影響。
61-65 ABCGD
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