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SCI論文寫作技巧之數(shù)字篇
隨心所欲寫論文的境界是很難達到的,但是中規(guī)中矩還是可以的,那么SCI論文中有些什么小的規(guī)矩呢?今天先來講講SCI論文中涉及數(shù)字的時候需要注意點什么,希望對你有幫助。
(溫馨提示: 這里主要基于ACS style,其他出版社可能略有區(qū)別, 請千萬注意)
1. 除了%, $, 和角度單位o, ‘, “之外,使用其他量度或時間單位時,數(shù)字和單位之間必須有空格。
錯誤用法:10mg, 錯誤原因:10和mg之間應(yīng)該加上空格;
20 %, 錯誤原因:20和%之間不能有空格。
$ 250, 錯誤原因:$和250之間不能有空格。
正確用法:10 mg, 100 mL, 30 mol, 20 mm, 10%, 30o15’33”,$250, 50 oC.
2. 當沒有特別技術(shù)含義(nontechnical sense)時,不需要采用數(shù)字加單位的形式,相反,應(yīng)該將數(shù)字及單位拼寫出來
舉例:If you take five minutes to read this article, you’ll be surprised.
3. 除了時間和量度單位之外,其他物理量的表示方法如下:
1) 基數(shù)小于10時,采用單詞來表示數(shù)值;當基數(shù)大于等于10時,采用數(shù)字來表示;
舉例:three flasks 30 flasks
seven trees 20 trees
2) 序數(shù)小于10時,采用單詞”first”到”ninth”來表示;序數(shù)大于等于10時,采用數(shù)字10th等來表示。
舉例:six fold 20-fold
eighth example 33rd example
first century 21st century
3) 當一組數(shù)值中包含一個數(shù)字大于等于10時,所有數(shù)值都用數(shù)字表示。
舉例:5, 8 and 12 experiments 2nd and 20th samples
4) 當一個句子的并列結(jié)構(gòu)中包含多個數(shù)值時,如果其中一個數(shù)值大于等于10,所有數(shù)值都用數(shù)字來表示
舉例:Activity was reduced in 2 pairs, not significantly changed in 11 pairs,and increased in 6 pairs.
5) 當一個非常大的數(shù)值沒有特殊的技術(shù)性含義時,采用數(shù)字和單詞組合的形式。
舉例:180 million people
$15 million (not 15 million dollars)
2 million pounds (not lb)
4.數(shù)值的數(shù)字單位拼寫
1)當一個句子以具體數(shù)值開始時,將數(shù)字和單位都要拼寫出來,
舉例:Twelve species were evaluated in this study.
Twenty-five milliliters of acetone were added, and the mixture was centrifuged.
但是如果有可能,盡量重新排布句子結(jié)構(gòu)以避免用具體數(shù)值作為句子的開頭;
Acetone (25 mL) was added, and the mixture was centrifuged.
A 25mL portion of acetone was added, and the mixture was centrifuged.
2)只有開頭數(shù)值的數(shù)字和單位拼寫需要拼寫出來,句子中其他位置的數(shù)值不需要拼寫出來,應(yīng)該采用正確的數(shù)字+單位形式
舉例:Twenty-five milliliters of acetone and 5 mL of HCl were added.
Three micrograms of sample was dissolved in 20 mL of acid.
5. 短語中具有數(shù)學含義(mathematical sense)的數(shù)值用數(shù)字來表示
舉例:The incidence of disease increased by a factor of 4.
The yield of product was decreased by 6 orders of magnitude.
The efficiency of the reaction was increased 2-fold.
After 2 half-lives, the daughter product could be measured.
The control group had 3 times the risk for coloncancer.
The values are determined with 5 degrees of freedom.
6. 當fold,times作為后綴的數(shù)值不具備特殊數(shù)學含義時,如果數(shù)值小于10,將該數(shù)字拼寫出來
舉例:The purpose of this discussion is two fold.
The beaker was rinsed four times.
7. 比例中,必須采用數(shù)字
舉例:a ratio of 1:10; a ratio of 1/10; a 1:1 (v/v) mixture
8.數(shù)字表示日期
1)數(shù)字表示日期時,不要加序數(shù)詞尾
舉例:January 3, Jan 3 (not January 3rd, Jan 3rd)
September 5, Sept 5 (not September 5th, Sept 5th)
2)通過數(shù)字表示十年時,直接在數(shù)字后面加s, 而不是's.
舉例:the 1960s (not the 1960's, not the'60s)
values in the 90s (not the 90's)
She is in her 20s. (not her 20's)
3) a.m.和p.m. (注意寫法)前用數(shù)字
例如:12:00 p.m.
9. 當分數(shù)中分子分母都小于10時,將分子分母都用單詞拼寫出來,并用 "-"連接起來; 如果有一項大于或者等于10,則采用數(shù)字分數(shù)形式
舉例:two-thirds of the results;one-quarter of the experiments
¹⁄₂₀ of the subjects; ¹⁄₁₂ of the volume.
10. 用來表示并列句子和短語時,采用(1),(2), (3)而不是1), 2), 3).
舉例:Some advantages of these materials are (1) their electrical properties after pyrolysis, (2) their ability to be modified chemically before pyrolysis, and (3) their abundance and low cost.
11. 當數(shù)值特別大時,應(yīng)該采用科學計數(shù)法來避免超過四位數(shù)
舉例:1.2 × 106 s 3.0 × 104 kg
5.8× 10–5 M or 58 µM 42.3 L (not 42,300 mL or 42 300 mL)
在一些例外中,即便有的情況下有數(shù)字超過4位數(shù)也應(yīng)該沿用。
1)表格中,為了保證每一列的單位一致;
2)使用約定俗成的單位;
液體密度:g/L 固體密度:kg/m3
彈性模量:GPa 液體壓力:kPa 應(yīng)力:MPa
12. 不要采用E來表示10的指數(shù)
舉例:3.7× 105 (not 3.7e5, 3.7E+5)
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